Summary
The tissue culture medium taken from 7-day-old cultures of human cancer cells was filtered and the filtrate (TCTA) was used to activate autologous lymphocytes. The activated lymphocytes were found to inhibit the growth of autologous human cancer cells in vitro but not the growth of normal autologous cells, allogeneic tumor cells, or xenogeneic tumor cells.
Autologous serum blocked activation of the lymphocytes. Further, autologous serum, when incubated with autologous tumor cells, prevented the inhibition of tumor cell growth by activated lymphocytes. Marked specificity was noted in these studies, which suggests that these reactions may be of value in isolating human cancer antigens. Thus, TCTA may be a source of soluble tumor-specific antigens.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Foley, E. J. 1953. Antigenic properties of methylcholanthrene-induced tumors in mice of strain of origin. Cancer Res. 13: 835–837.
Prehn, R. T., and J. M. Main. 1957. Immunity to methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 18: 769–778.
Old, L. J., E. A. Boyse, D. A. Clark, and E. A. Carswell. 1962. II. Antigens of tumor cells: antigenic properties of chemically induced tumors. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 101: 80–106.
Riggins, R. S. and Y. H. Pilch. 1964. Immunity to spontaneous and methylcholantrene-induced tumors in inbred mice. Cancer Res. 24: 1994–1996.
Klein, G., H. O. Sjogren, E. Klein, and K. E. Hellström. 1960. Demonstration of resistance against methylcholantrene-induced sarcomas in the primary autochthonous host. Cancer Res. 20: 1561–1572.
Alexander, P., and G. H. Fairley. 1967. Cellular resistance to tumors. Br. Med. Bull. 23: 86–92.
Baldwin, R. W., D. Glaves, and M. V. Pimm. 1971. Tumor-associated antigens as expressions of chemically induced neoplasia and their involvement in tumor-host interactions. In: D. B. Amos (Ed.)Progress in Immunology, Academic Press, New York, pp. 907–920.
Oren, M. E., and R. B. Herberman. 1971. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to membrane extracts of human tumor cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 9: 45–46.
Morton, D. L. 1971. Immunological studies with human neoplasm. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 10: 137–160.
Hellström, I., H. O. Sjogren, G. Warner, and K. E. Hellström. 1971 Blocking of cell-mediated tumor immunity by sera from patients with growing, neoplasm. Int. J. Cancer 7: 226–237.
Rosenau, W. and H. D. Moon. 1961. Lysis of homologous cells by sensitized lymphocytes in tissue culture. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 27: 471–483.
Brunner, K. T., and J. C. Cerottini. 1971. Cytotoxic lymphocytes as effector cells of cell mediated immunity. In: D. B. Amos (Ed.),Progress in Immunology, Academic Press, New York, pp. 385–398.
Perlmann, P., and G. Holm. 1969. Cytotoxic effects of lymphoid cells in vitro. Adv. Immunol. 11: 117–195.
Hellström, K. E., and I. Hellström. 1969. Cellular immunity against tumor antigens. Adv. Cancer Res. 12: 167–223.
Jagarlamoody, S. M., J. C. Aust, R. W. Tew, and C. S. McKhann. 1971. In vitro detection of cytotoxic cellular immunity against tumor-specific antigens by radioisotopic technique. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68: 1346–1350.
Sinkovics, J. G., D. A. Dreyer, E. Shirato, J. R. Cabiness and C. C. Shullenberger. 1971. Cytotoxic lymphocytes. I. Destruction of neoplastic cells by lymphocytes in cultures of human origin. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 29: 227–242.
Baldwin, R. W., M. J. Embleton, J. S. P. Jones, and M. J. S. Langman. 1973. Cell-mediated and humoral immune reactions to human tumors. Int. J. Cancer 12: 73–83.
Hanks, J. H., and R. E. Wallace. 1949. Relation of oxygen and temperature in the preservation of tissues by refrigeration. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 71: 196–200.
Kitos, P. A., R. Sinclair, and C. Waymounth. 1962. Glutamine metabolism by animal cells growing in a synthetic medium. Exp. Cell Res. 27: 307–316.
Ham, R. G. 1963. An improved nutrient solution for diploid Chinese hamster and human cell lines. Exp. Cell Res. 29: 515–526.
Hickok, D. F., and L. Miller. 1971. Reversal of serum blocking factors by leucophoresis in cancer. Surg. Forum 22: 109–111.
Zmijewski, C. M., and D. B. Amos 1966. A model of leukocyte typing and donor selection for human renal transplantation. Vox Sang. 11: 337–383.
Moore, G., A. A. Sandberg, and K. Ulrich. 1966. Suspension cell culture and in vivo and in vitro chromosome constitution of mouse leukemia L1210. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 36: 405–412.
Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265–275.
Smith, R. T., J. A. C. Bausher, and W. H. Adler. 1970. Studies of an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and a non-specific mitogen elaborated by human lymphoblasts. Am. J. Pathol. 60: 495–504.
Kolb, W. P., and G. A. Granger. 1968. Lymphocyte in vitro cytotoxicity: characterization of human lymphotoxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 61: 1250–1255.
Kolb, W. P., and G. A. Granger. 1970. Lymphocyte in vitro cytotoxicity: characterization of mouse lymphotoxin. Cell Immunol. 1: 122–132.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hickok, D.F., Miller, L. Evidence for tumor-specific antigens in filtered tissue culture media from human cancer cells. In Vitro 10, 157–166 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02615228
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02615228