Skip to main content
Log in

Clot embolic stroke in the vertebrobasilar system of rabbits: A transfemoral angiographic technique

  • Published:
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Previous animal models of thromboembolic stroke have focused upon the carotid artery system. An alternative approach utilizing the vertebrobasilar system in rabbits is presented here. Left vertebral artery catheterization was accomplished relatively simply in this model using transfemoral angiographic techniques. Twenty-four-hour-old clot emboli with calculated volumes in the range of 0.007–0.11 cc were delivered by this route and found to lodge at the juncture of the basilar tip and the Circle of Willis in 11 of 13 rabbits. Intra-arterial infusion of streptokinase in one animal resulted in angiographically complete clearing of clot. Certain technical advantages in this particular approach are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hill NC, Millikan CH, Wakim KG, Sayre GP (1955) Experimental production of cerebral infarction by intracarotid injection of homologous clot, preliminary report. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 30(26):625–633

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lowman RM, Hipona FA, Robinson F (1966) Experimentally induced vascular lesions of the brain. Radiology 87:522–524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Russell RWR (1966) A study of the microcirculation in experimental cerebral embolism. Angiologica 2:240–258

    Google Scholar 

  4. Rumbaugh CL, Davis DO, Gilson JM (1968) Experimental cerebral emboli, angiographic evaluation of autologous emboli in the dog. Invest Radiol 3(5):330–336

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ferris EJ, Shapiro JH, Shah JR (1969) Cerebral angiography after arteriolar embolization. Invest Radiol 4(1):1–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Molinari GF, Moseley JI, Laurent JP (1974) Segmental middle cerebral artery occlusion in primates: An experimental method requiring minimal surgery and anesthesia. Stroke 5:334–339

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bremer AM, Watanabe O, Bourke RS (1975) Artificial embolization of the middle cerebral artery in primates. Stroke 6:387–390

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dodson RF, Miyakawa Y, Chu LWF, Ishihara N, Naritomi H, Hsu MC, Deshmukh VD (1977) An ultrastructural assessment of an embolic method of producing cerebral ischemia. Stroke 8(3):337–341

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Schuier FJ, Vise WM, Hossman KA (1978) Cerebral microembolization. Arch Neurol 35:264–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hossman KA, Schuier FJ (1980) Experimental brain infarcts in cats. Stroke 11(6):583–591

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jeynes BJ, Warren BA (1982) Cerebral atheroembolism, an animal model. Stroke 13(3):312–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Adams DF, Olin TB, Redman HC (1965) Catheterization of in the rabbit. Radiol 84:531–535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hillman B, Rumbaugh C (1977) One-catheter technique for magnification carotid and vertebral angiography in the rabbit. Invest Radiol 12(4):373–375

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Olin TB, Redman HC (1967) Experimental evaluation of contrast media in the vertebral circulation. Acta Radiol [Suppl] (Stockh) 270:216–227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Centeno PS, Hackney DB, Rothrock JR (1985) Streptokinase clot lysis in acute occlusions of the cranial circulation: Study in rabbits. AJNR 6:589–594

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Zivin JA, Fisher M, DeGirolami U, Hemenway CC, Stashak JA (1985) Tissue plasminogen activator reduces neurological damage after cerebral embolism. Science 230:1289–1292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Collen D, Stassen JM, Verstraete M (1983) Thrombolysis with human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator in rabbits with experimental jugular vein thrombosis. J Clin Invest 71:368–376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Scatliff JH, Hyde I, Gautot HJ (1967) Vertebral artery reflux: a laboratory investigation of the nonobstructive causes of retrograde flow of contrast material in the contralateral vertebral arterty. Radiology 88:64–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Skalpe IO, Aulie A (1985) The toxicity of nonionic water-soluble contrast media in selective vertebral angiography. Neuroradiology 27:77–79

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Meyer JS, Herndon RM, Johnson JF, Barnhart M (1962) Treatment of cerebrovascular thrombosis with plasmin and plasminogen activators. In Millikan CH (ed). Cerebrovascular disease. Grune and Stratton, New York, pp 200–213

    Google Scholar 

  21. Meyer JS, Gilroy J, Barnhart MI, Johnson JF (1964) Anticoagulants plus streptokinase therapy in progressive stroke. JAMA 189(5):119

    Google Scholar 

  22. Fletcher AP, Alkjaersig N, Lewis M, Tulevski V, Davies A, Brooks JE, Hardin WB, Landau WM, Raichle ME (1976) A pilot study of urokinase therapy in cerebral infarction. Stroke 7(2):135–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zeumer H, Hacke W, Ringelstein EB (1983) Local intraarterial thrombolysis in vertebrobasilar thromboembolic disease. AJNR 4:401–404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Zeumer H, Hundgen R, Ferbert A, Ringelstein EB (1984) Local intraarterial fibrinolytic therapy in inaccessible internal carotid occlusion. Neuroradiology 26:315–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Del Zoppo G, Zeumer H, Harker LA (1986) Thrombolytic therapy in stroke: Possibilities and hazards. Stroke 17(4):595–605

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pan, G., Wright, K.C. Clot embolic stroke in the vertebrobasilar system of rabbits: A transfemoral angiographic technique. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 10, 285–290 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02578011

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02578011

Key words

Navigation