Abstract
The effects of the long term ingestion ofSolanum Glaucophyllum leaves (SG) by the rat was investigated in two series of experiments; the animals were fed a normal (for 8 weeks) or a low Ca diet (for 5 weeks).
With both diets, the intestinal absorption of Ca was increased and the endogenous fecal Ca excretion was decreased by SG treatment.
Added to a normal Ca diet, SG increased the urinary excretion of Ca, Mg and P and reduced the excretion of hydroxyproline and pyrophosphate. At the histological level, SG induced a higher rate of bone tissue synthesis on trabecular and endosteal surfaces. The bone content of hydroxyproline and citrate increased significantly. The total alkaline phosphatase activity of plasma decreased as a function of SG intake due to a decrease in the activity of the intestinal isoenzyme, which was not compensated by the increases in the bone isoenzyme activity.
The Mg absorption was decreased by SG inducing lower Mg balances and lower plasma Mg levels.
Added to a low Ca diet, SG increased the severity of the secondary hyperparathyroidism induced by the diet. The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and the plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (both isoenzymes) were significantly increased. The Na and K content of bone decreased as a function of SG intake.
45Ca kinetic experiments revealed that SG increased the rate of Ca resorption and the rate constants of the fast exchangeable Ca pool, in both diets.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, R. J.: The estimation of phosphorus. Biochem. J.34, 858–865 (1940)
Aubert, P.-P., Milhaud, D.: Methode de mesure des principales voies du metabolisme calcique chez l’homme. Biochem. biophys. Acta (Amst.)39, 122–139 (1960)
Avioli, L. V., Singer, R. C.: Excretion of pyrophosphate in disorders of bone metabolism. J. clin. Endocr.25, 912–916 (1965)
Bernhart, F. W., Tomarelli, R. M.: A salt mixture supplying the National Research Council estimates of the mineral requirements of the rat. J. Nutr.89, 495–500 (1966)
Cabrejas, M., Ladizesky, M., Mautalen, C.: Calcium kinetics in theSolanum Malacoxylon treated rats. J. Nutr. (in press).
Campos, C. M., Ladizesky, M., Mautalen, C.: Effect ofSolanum Malacoxylon on the serum levels of calcium and phosphate in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. Calcif. Tiss Res.13, 245–248 (1973)
Canas, F., Terepka, A. R., Neuman, W. F.: Potassium and milieu interieur of bone. Amer. J. Physiol.217, 117–120 (1969)
Carrillo, B. J.: Effecto de la intoxicación deSolanum Malacoxylon en la morfología de las células parafoliculares de la tiroides. Rev. Inv. Agropec. INTA10, 41–54 (1973a)
Carrillo, B. J.: Effecto de la intoxicación deSolanum Malacoxylon en el sistema óseo. Rev. Inv. Agropec. INTA10, 65–77 (1973b)
Carrillo, B. J., Tiley, J. M., Garces, M. E., Gaggino, O. P., Ruksan, B., Worker, N. A.: Intoxicación experimental de bovinos conSolanum Malacoxylon. Gac. vet. (B. Aires)33, 468–484 (1971)
Corradino, R. A., Wasserman, R. H.: 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferollike activity ofSolanum Malacoxylon extract on calcium transport. Nature (Lond.)256, 716–718 (1974)
Chen, P. S. Jr., Toribara, T. Y., Warner, H.: Microdetermination of phosphorus. Analyt. Chem.28, 1756–1758 (1956)
Clark, I., Rivera-Cordero, F.: Effect of endogenous parathyroid hormone on calcium, magnesium and phosphate metabolism in rats. II. Alterations in dietary phosphate. Endocrinology95, 360–369 (1974)
Fishman, W. H., Kreisher, J. H.: Stereospecific, organ-specific inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.103, 951–953 (1963)
Harris, W. H., Heany, R. P.: Skeletal renewal and metabolic bone disease, p. 51. Boston: Little Brown 1970
Herrath, D., Schaefer, K., Kraft, D., Offerman, G.: Effect ofSolanum Malacoxylon on calcium metabolism in experimental uremia and uremic patients. In: Proceeding of the second workshop on Vitamin D and problems related to uremic bone disease (Norman A. W., Schaefer, K., Grigolait, H. G., Ritz, E., eds.), p. 1717–1724. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter 1975
King, E. H., Armstrong, A. R.: A convenient method for determining serum and bile phosphatase activity. Canad. med. Ass. J.31, 376–381 (1934)
Kivirikko, K. I., Laitinen, O., Prockop, D. J.: Modification of specific assay for hydroxyproline in urine. Analyt. Biochem.19, 249–255 (1967)
Ladizesky, M., Cabrehas, M., Montoreano, R., Mautalen, C.: Effect ofSolanum Malacoxylon on renal handling of calcium and phosphate in the rat. In: Proceedings of the second workshop on vitamin D and problems related to uremic bone disease (Norman, A. W., Schaefer, K., Grigolait, H. G., Ritz, E., eds.), p. 710–721. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter 1975
Ladizesky, M., Mautalen, C., Camberos, H.:Solanum Malacoxylon: comparación de su actividad biológica al administrarlo por vía oral o parenteral en animales delaboratorio. Medicina (B. Aires)24, 127–132 (1973)
Lloyd, W., Wells, H., Walling, M. W., Kimberg, D. V.: Stimulation of bone resorption in organ culture by salts-free extracts ofSolanum Glaucophyllum. Endocr. Res. Commun.2, 159–166 (1975)
Lutwak, L.: Estimation of radioactive54Ca by liquid scintillation counting. Analyt. Chem.31, 340–343 (1959)
Mautalen, C.: Mecanismo de acción delSolanum Malacoxylon sobre el metabolismo mineral del conejo. Rev. argent. Endocr.17, 1–18 (1971)
Mautalen, C.: Mechanism of action ofSolanum Malacoxylon upon calcium metabolism in the rabbit. Endocrinology90, 563–567 (1972)
McIntyre, I.: An outline of magnesium metabolism in health and disease. A review. J. chron. Dis.16, 201–215 (1963)
Natelson, S., Pincus, J. B., Lugovoy, J. K.: Microestimation of citric acid, a new colorimetric reaction of pentabromoacetone. J. biol. Chem.175, 745–750 (1948)
Neuman, R. E., Logan, N. A.: The estimation of hydroxyproline. J. biol. Chem.184, 299–308 (1950)
Puche, R. C., Fernandez, M. C., Locatto, M. E., Ferretti, J. L., Valenti, J. L.: Hypostenuria and nephrocalcinosis induced in rats chronically fed leaves ofSolanum Glaucophyllum. IRCS med. Sci.3, 125 (1975)
Puche, R. C., Locatto, M. E.: Effect ofSolanum Malacoxylon on embryonic bone in vitro and on isolated mitochondria. Calcif. Tiss. Res.16, 219–226 (1974)
Rhoads, R. E., Undenfriend, S.: Purification and properties of collagen proline hydroxylase from newborn rat skin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys139, 329–339 (1970)
Rossi, F. M., Cassels, B., Daskal, K. H., Dallorso, M. E., Leiva, A.: Actividad biológical delSolanum Malacoxylon (Sendtner) en ratas. Medicina (B. Aires)24, 327–332 (1972)
Slyke, DD. van, Folch, J.: Manometric carbon determination. J. biol. Chem.136, 509–521 (1940)
Uride, A., Holick, M. F., Jorgensen, N. A., DeLuca, H. F.: Action ofSolanum Malacoxylon on calcium metabolism in the rat. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun.58, 257–262 (1974)
Walling, M. W., Kimberg, D. V.: Calcium absorption by intestine: stimulation in vitamin D-deficient nephrectomized rats bySolanum Glaucophyllum. Gastroenterology (in press) 1975
Walling, M. W., Kimberg, D. V., Lloyd, W., Wells, H., Procsal, D. A., Norman, D. A.:Solanum Glaucophyllum (Malacoxylon): An apparent source of a water-soluble, functional and structural analogue of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3. In: Proceedings of the second workshop on vitamin D and problems related to uremic bone disease (Norman, A. W., Schaefer, K., Grigolait, H. G., Ritz, E., eds.), p. 1717–1724, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter 1975
Wasserman, R. H.: Calcium absorption and calcium binding protein synthesis:Solanum Malacoxylon reverses strontium inhibition. Science183, 1092–1094 (1974)
Wasserman, R. H.: Active vitamin D-like substances inSolanum Malacoxylon and other calcinogenic plants. Nutr. Rev.33, 1–5 (1975)
Willis, J. B.: Determination of calcium and magnesium in urine by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Analyt. Chem.33, 556–559 (1961)
Zichner, L.: Influence of calcitonin on the action of bone cells in rats. Exp. Path.9, 27–36 (1974)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Puche, R.C., Locatto, M.E., Ferretti, J.L. et al. The effects of long term feeding ofSolanum glaucophyllum to growing rats on Ca, Mg, P and bone metabolism. Calc. Tis Res. 20, 105–119 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02546401
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02546401