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On the applicability of Washburn law: study of mercury and water flow properties in cement-based materials

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Abstract

This paper deals with flow properties of mercury (Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, MIP) and water (permeability measurements and capillarity) in building materials. The aim of this work is to study the validity range of the constancy hypothesis of the contact angle, usually admitted in porosity measurements (MIP, and capillarity), by establishing an explicit relationship between the contact angle and the capillary radius.

For mercury and water we have showed that: (i) on one hand, for a given value of pressure, the contact angle between the liquid and the capillary walls starts to change significantly only from a ‘critical’ value of capillary radiusR, (ii) on the other hand, in static state, the sphericity of liquid front depends equally on the capillary radius: the water has a spherical form whenR≤10 μm, mercury has this form only for pores with radiusR≤103 μm. This expresses the framework of Washburn's law applicability.

Résumé

Cette étude traite des propriétés d'écoulement du mercure (essai de porosimétrie) et de l'eau (essai de perméabilité, remontées capillaires) dans les matériaux poreux de génie civil. En explicitant l'expression de l'angle de contact en fonction du rayon du capillaire, le but en est d'étudier le domaine de validité de l'hypothèse de la constance de cet angle de contact, couramment admise en mesures expérimentales (porosimétrie au mercure et capillarité).

Nous y démontrons pour les deux liquides que: (i) d'une part, pour une valeur de pression donnée, l'angle de contact liquide—parois du capillaire ne commence à évoluer d'une façon significative qu'à partir d'une valeur R minimale de rayon de capillaire, (ii) d'autre part, en état statique, la sphéricité du front liquide dépend également du rayon du capillaire: l'eau conserve un front sphérique jusqu'aux rayons de l'ordre de 10 μm R≤10 μm), alors que le mercure ne le maintient que pour les rayons inférieurs ou égaux à 103 μm (R≤103 μm). Ceci traduit le domaine de validité de la loi de Washburn.

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Aït-Mokhtar, A., Amiri, O., Dumargue, P. et al. On the applicability of Washburn law: study of mercury and water flow properties in cement-based materials. Mat. Struct. 37, 107–113 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486606

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486606

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