Pulmonary blood flow distribution after the total cavopulmonary connection for complex cardiac anomalies

Summary

In total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), the anastomotic portion of the caval veins to the pulmonary artery (PA) is decided empirically based on personal experience. To compare the pulmonary flow distribution from both caval veins in various types of cavopulmonary anastomosis, intrapulmonary ventilation-perfusion distribution after TCPC was studied using lung scanning. We studied 11 patients, 2 to 37 years old, at 30–84 months after TCPC. Lung scanning was performed by administering 185 MBq of xenon-133 saline solution from their upper extremities and, after xenon-133 was washed out, from their lower extremities. Radionuclide counts on both lungs were obtained and intrapulmonary ventilation-perfusion distribution was assessed. In 4 patients whose superior vena cava (SVC)-PA anastomosis was on the right side of the inferior vena cava (IVC)-PA anastomosis, the blood flow distribution of the right and left lungs was 57.4%: 42.6%. In 3 patients whose SVC-PA anastomosis was on the left side of the IVC-PA anastomosis, the blood flow distribution of the right and left lungs was equal in both lungs (right, 53.1%; left, 46.9%). Systemic arterial oxygen saturation increased after TCPC (before TCPC, 85.3% ± 2.7% and after TCPC, 89.8% ± 2.3% (P < 0.05) in group R; before TCPC, 86.1% ± 2.8% and after TCPC, 93.6% ± 0.6% (P < 0.02) in group L). After TCPC, the value in group L had a tendency to be greater than that in group R (P < 0.04), in spite of the same values of systemic arterial oxygen saturation before TCPC and cardiac index (group R, 2.9 ± 0.96; group L, 3.4 ± 0.37). Lung scanning with xenon-133 revealed the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in the patients after TCPC quantitatively, and in the patients whose SVC-PA anastomosis was on the left side of the IVC-PA anastomosis, the right and left balance of the pulmonary blood flow distribution appeared to be more balanced compared with patients whose connection was done the opposite way.