Abstract
Isolated perfused rabbit hearts were studied to compare the effects of 3 hour ischemic arrest following either calcium-free or calcium-containing cardioplegia, on the recovery of isovolumic function of the left ventricle, coronary flow, release of creatine phosphokinase and myocardial water content. The hearts perfused with the calcium-containing solution (Ca 0.5 mmol/L) showed better recovery of the developed pressure in the left ventricle, and its first derivative and compliance. Coronary flow at a constant perfusion pressure was better restored during reperfusion in the hearts with calcium-containing solution. The release of less CPK and a lower water content were also observed in the hearts reperfused with calcium-containing solution. We concluded that calcium-containing cardioplegic solution with a high concentration of magnesium (10 mmol/L) was superior to calcium-free solution for myocardial protection.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hendriks FFA, Jonas J, van der Laarse A, Huysmans HA, van Rijk-Zwikker GL, Schipperheyn JJ Cold ischemic arrest: Comparison of calcium-free and calcium containing solutions. Ann Thorac Surg 1985; 39: 312–317.
Boggs BR, Torchiana DF, Geffin GA, Titus JS, Redonnett BE, O'Keefe DD, Newell JB, Daggett WM. Optimal myocardial preservation with an acalcemic crystalloid cardioplegic solution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987; 93: 838–846.
Geffin GA, Love TR, Hendren WG, Torchiana DF, Titus JS, Redonnett BE, O'Keefe DD, Daggett WM. The effects of calcium and magnesium in hyperkalemic cardioplegic solutions on myocardial preservation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989; 98: 239–250.
Jamieson WRE. Cardioplegic additives: The importance of optimization of dose. In: Robert AJ, ed. Myocardial protection in cardiac surgery. New York: Marcel Dekker 1987; 321–362.
Zimmerman ANE, Hulsman WC. Paradoxical influence of calcium ions on the permeability of the cell membranes of the isolated rat heart. Nature 1966; 211: 646–647.
Crevey BJ, Langer GA, Frank JS. Role of Ca2+ in maintenance of rabbit myocardial cell membrane structural and functional integrity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1978; 10: 1081–1100.
Alto LE, Dhalla NS. Myocardial cation contents during induction of calcium paradox. Am J Physiol 1979; 237: H713-H719.
Holland CE, Olson RE. Prevention by hypothermia of paradoxical calcium necrosis in cardiac muscle. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1975; 7: 917–928.
Jynge P, Hearse DJ, Braimbridge MV. Myocardial protection during cardiac arrest—a possible hazard with calcium-free cardioplegic infusates. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1977; 75: 848–854.
Jynge P. Protection of the ischemic myocardium: Calcium-free cardioplegic infusates and additive effects of coronary infusion and ischemia in the induction of the calcium paradox. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980; 28: 303–309.
Watts JA, Koch CD, LaNoue KF. Effects of Ca2+ antagonism on energy metabolism. Ca2+ and heart function after ischemia. Am J Physiol 1980; 238: H909-H916.
Boe JL, Dixon CM, Sakert TA, Magovern GL. The control of myocardial Ca2+ sequestration with nifedipine cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1982; 84: 678–684.
Ruigrok TJC, Burgersdijk JA, Zimmerman ANE. The calcium paradox. A reaffirmation. Eur J Cardiol 1975; 3: 59–63.
Yamamoto F, Braimbridge MV, Hearse DJ. Calcium and cardioplegia. The optimal calcium content from the St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solutions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984; 87: 908–912.
Foreman J, Pegg DE, Armitage WJ. Solutions for preservation of the heart at 0°C. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985; 89: 867–871.
Torchiana DF, Love TR, Hendren WG, Geffin GA, Titus JS, Redonnett BE, O'Keefe DD, Daggett WM. Calcium-induced ventricular contraction during caedioplegic arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987; 94: 606–613.
Lansman JB, Hess P, Tsien RW. Blockade of current through single calcium channels by Cd2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+: Voltage and concentration dependence of calcium entry into the pore. J Gen Physiol 1986; 88: 321–347.
Meissner G, Henderson JS. Rapid calcium release from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles is dependent on Ca2+ and is modulated by Mg2+, adenine nucleotide, and calmodulin. J Bio Chem 1987; 262: 3065–3073.
Fabiato A, Fabiato F. Effects of magnesium on contractile activation of akinned cardiac cell. J Physiol (Lond) 1975; 249: 497–517.
Wakabayashi A, Nishi T, Guilmette JE. Experimental evaluation of magnesium cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1982; 84: 685–688.
Robinson LA, Braimbridge MV, Hearse DJ. Comparison of the protective properties of four clinical crystalloid cardioplegic solutions in the rat heart. Ann Thorac Surg 1984; 38: 268–274.
Reynolds TR, Geffin GA, Titus JS, O'Keefe DD, Daggett WM. Myocardial preservation related to magnesium content of hyperkalemic cardioplegic solutions at 8°C. Ann Thorac Surg 1989; 47: 907–913.
Hearse DJ, Braimbridge MV, Jynge P. Components of cardioplegic solutions. In: Protection of the ischemic myocardium; Cardioplegia. New York: Raven Press 1981; 209–299.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mori, F., Suzuki, K., Noda, H. et al. Evaluation of a new calcium containing cardioplegic solution in the isolated rabbit heart in comparison to a calcium-free, low sodium solution. The Japanese Journal of Surgery 21, 193–200 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02470908
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02470908