Abstract
In field populations of cereal aphids parasitism levels declined through the season as fungal infection increased. In laboratory trials the fungusErynia neoaphidis Remaudiere & Hennebert took 3 to 4 days to kill the rose-grain aphid,Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), whereas the parasitoidAphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez took 8 to 9 days at 20°C. When aphids were infected by the fungus less than 4 days after being parasitized the parasitoids were prevented from completing their development. Conversely, when infection occurred more than 4 days after parasitization development of the fungus was significantly impaired. There was no histological evidence that the fungus invaded the tissues of the parasitoid when both attacked the same aphid.
Interference between parasitoids and fungal pathogens must be taken into account when estimating the impact of these mortality agents on pest populations.
Résumé
Dans les populations naturelles des pucerons des céréales, le niveau du parasitisme par les Hyménoptères diminue en cours de saison, alors que celui des mycoses augmente. En essais de laboratoire, à 20°C, la mycose àErynia neoaphidis Remaudière et Hennebert tue en 3 à 4 jours le puceronMetopolophium dirhodum (Walker), tandis qu'il en faut 8 à 9 à l'Hyménoptère parasiteAphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez. Quand les pucerons sont infectés par le champignon moins de 4 jours après avoir été parasités, les parasitoïdes sont incapables d'achever leur développement. Par ailleurs, quand l'infection se développe plus de 4 jours après l'attaque du parasitoïde, le taux de pucerons mycosés est significativement plus faible. L'examen histologique n'a pas mis en évidence l'envahissement des tissus du parasitoïde par le champignon quand l'un et l'autre sont présents dans le même puceron.
La concurrence entre les parasitoïdes et les champignons pathogènes doit être prise en compte lors de l'estimation de l'impact de ces agents de mortalité sur les populations de ravageurs.
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Powell, W., Wilding, N., Brobyn, P.J. et al. Interference between parasitoids [Hym.: Aphidiidae] and fungi [Entomophthorales] attacking cereal aphids. Entomophaga 31, 293–302 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373339
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373339