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Large-scale production ofBactra verutana [Lep.: Tortricidae] for the biological control of nutsedge

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Abstract

Methods for large-scale rearing and handling of the tortricid,Bactra verutana Zeller, were developed for early-season augmentation of this insect to biologically control purple nutsedge,Cyperus rotundus L., and yellow nutsedge,C. esculentus L. A modified soybean flour-wheat germ larval diet, originally developed for the sugarcane borer,Diatraea saccharalis (L.), yielded pupae equal in weight to pupae from larvae reared on the standardBactra casein-wheat germ diet in an earlier test. An oviposition cage, constructed of 3.1-mm mesh hardware cloth in the form of a cylinder 17 cm high and 15 cm in diameter and wrapped with sheets of clear polyethylene, provided the rough-textured surface necessary for maximum oviposition. Although crowded, each female laid an average of 257 eggs, all on the polyethylene wrappers, which equaled or exceeded average producion in smooth-surfaced cages (168–204 / ♀). The sheets of eggs were placed in Erlenmeyer flasks from which the newly-hatched larvae were removed from the flasks by swirling 200 ml corn cob grits around in each flask. This procedure killed or injured 10 % of the larvae. With this techique an average 90, 500 living larvae were produced per day for field release over an 87-day period. When 22.5-ml cups of diet containing pupae were dumped in piles in screen cages or when the diet with pupae was removed from each cup and placed in a pile in the cages, only 40 % of the moths were recovered. The recovery rate was 75 % from cups nested in crossstacked 36-cell trays placed in cages. Collecting the moths for field release by aspirating 200 of them into 2-liter flasks had no effect on fecundity. With this method an average 2,675 adults were produced per day for field release over a 95-day period.

Résumé

Des méthodes pour l'élevage en masse et la manipulation du tortricide,Bactra verutana Zeller, ont été développées pour l'apport en début de saison de cet insecte en vue de la lutte biologique contre le souchet violet,Cyperus rotundus L. et le souchet jaune,C. esculentus L. Un milieu d'élevage des larves à base de farine de soja et de germe de blé, originellement mis au point pour la pyrale de la canne à sucre,Diatraea saccharalis (L.) donne dès le premier essai des chrysalides d'un poids égal à celui des chenilles issues de larves nourries avec le milieu de référence pourBactra à base de caséine et de germe de blé, Une cage de ponte constituée par un cylindre de 17 cm de haut et 15 cm de diamètre, construit avec un grillage en toile à maille de 3,1 mm, entouré de feuilles de polyéthylène transparent, fournit la surface de structure rude nécessaire pour une ponte maximum. Malgré la surpopulation chaque femelle pond 257 œufs en moyenne, tous sur les feuilles de polyéthylène, avec une production moyenne égale ou inférieure dans les cages à surface unie (168–204 œufs par femelle). Les feuillles portant les œufs sont placées dans des Erlenmeyers dont on retire les larves à l'éclosion en faisant tourner 200 ml de balle de maïs dans chaque vase. Cette technique tue ou maltraite 10 % des larves. On a produit ainsi une moyenne journalière de 90.500 chenilles vivantes pour lâcher dans les champs, pendant 87 jours. Si on empile dans des cages en grillages des couplles de 22,5 ml contenant les chrysalides ou si l'aliment plus les chrysalides est extrait de chaque coupelle et mis en tas dans les cages, on obtient seulement 40 % de papillons. Ce taux est de 75 % à partir de coupelles disposées dans des plateaux divisés en 36 cellules mis dans des cages.

La récolte des papillons pour le lâcher en les aspirant par lots de 200 dans des vases de 2 litres n'a pas d'effet sur leur fécondité. De cette façon on a produit pedant 95 jours une moyenne journalière de 2675 papillons.

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Mention of a commercial product does not constitute a recommendation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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Prick, K.E., Hartley, G.G. & King, E.G. Large-scale production ofBactra verutana [Lep.: Tortricidae] for the biological control of nutsedge. Entomophaga 28, 107–115 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372134

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