Abstract
The RockwellC hardness,RC, was measured as a function of position on steel rings with different residual-stress profiles through the thickness. An experimental correlation between residual stress andRC was obtained. A relationship between the average pressurep of a spherical indenter, the yield strengthS y and the residual stress of the material was conceived and used in fitting the experimental data.
In order to model the effects of residual stresses on the measured hardness, the von Mises-Hencky (power) yield criterion was utilized, together with an adaptation for residual stresses of the expression for the stress state under a spherical indenter, given in Shaw, Hoshi and Henry. A parameter α was introduced in our calculations to account for the effect of the nonperpendicularity of the residual stresses to the pressurep of the spherical indenter.
The proposed model in large measure fits experimental hardness versus residual stress data, and results are consistent with different samples. This model can be used as a basis for the measurement of residual stresses in steel or other materials.
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Abbreviations
- A :
-
acoustoelastic constant
- b 1 :
-
constant of conversion betweenR C andp, i=1…5
- BHN :
-
Brinell hardness number
- c 1, c2 :
-
constants of conversion betweenR C andBHN
- d :
-
diameter of the ball indentation
- D :
-
diameter of the ball indenter
- h :
-
depth of the indentation
- MHN :
-
Meyer hardness number
- p :
-
average pressure under spherical indenter
- R C :
-
RockwellC hardness
- R C0 :
-
RockwellC hardness at zero residual stress
- S y :
-
yield strength
- W :
-
load applied to the indenter
- ν:
-
sound wave velocity
- ν 0 :
-
sound wave velocity for zero residual stresses
- α:
-
stress scaling factor
- σ:
-
Residual stress
- σ R :
-
radial residual stress
- σ H :
-
hoop residual stress
- τ max :
-
maximum shear stress
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Frankel, J., Abbate, A. & Scholz, W. The effect of residual stresses on hardness measurements. Experimental Mechanics 33, 164–168 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02322494
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02322494