Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Revisioning models of instructional development

  • Development
  • Published:
Educational Technology Research and Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Instructional development (ID) models are almost as numerous as the practitioners of instructional development. The role of models in instructional development is to provide conceptual and communication tools that can be used to visualize, direct, and manage processes for generating episodes of guided learning. Instructional development can be practiced in a variety of settings and various models have been created that reflect this variation. This article presents some of the early history of instructional development models, reviews some of the more influential ID models, and discusses the possible impact of selected trends on futgure models of instructional development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Addison Wesley Publishing. (1987).The trainer's library: Planning and analysis. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, D.H., & Goodson, L.A. (1980). A comparative analysis of models of instructional design.Journal of Instructional Development, 3(4), 2–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barson, J. (1967).Instructional systems development. A demonstration and evaluation project: Final report. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University. 125 p. (EDRS: ED 020 673)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergman, R., & Moore, T. (1990).Managing interactive video/multimedia projects. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, B. (1984). The 2 Sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring.Educational Researcher, 13(6), 4–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branch, R. (1994). Common instructional design practices for secondary school teachers.Educational Technology, 34(3), 25–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branch, R. (1997a). Perceptions of instructional design process models. In R. E. Griffin, D. G. Beauchamp. J. M. Hunter, & C. B. Schiffman (Eds.),Selected Readings of the 28th Annual Convention of the International Visual Literacy Association. Cheyenne, WY.

  • Branch, R. (1997b, February).Collaborating with teacher educators to promote instructional design practices. Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. Albuquerque, New Mexico.

  • Brand, S. (1987).The Media Lab: Inventing the future at MIT. New York: Viking.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branson, R.K. (1975).Interservice procedures for instructional systems development: Executive summary and model. Tallahassee, Florida: Center for Educational Technology, Florida State University. (National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161. Document Nos. AD-A019, 486 to AD-A019 490)

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, L.J., Gustafson, K.L., & Tillman, M.H. (Eds.). (1991).Instructional design: Principles and applications, (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, L., & Wager, W. (1982).Handbook of procedures for the design of instruction. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, L. (1996).Designing and developing electronic performance support systems. Boston: Digital Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, J., Moore, D., & Magliaro, S. (1996). Behaviorism and instructional technology. In D. Jonassen (Ed.),Handbook of research for educational communications and technology. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, W. (1996). The Dick and Carey model: Will it survive the decade?Educational Technology Research and Development, 44(3), 55–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, W., & Carey, L. (1996).The systematic design of instruction (4th ed.). NY: Harper Collins College Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmonds, G., Branch, R., & Mukherjee, P. (1994). A conceptual framework for comparing instructional design models.Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(4), 55–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foshay, R. (1997, February). CBT's first generation: If we're so smart, why ain't we rich?IT Forum, itforum@uga.cc.uga.edu.

  • Gagné, R.M., Briggs, L.J., & Wager, W.W. (1992).Principles of instructional design (4th Ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerlach, V.S., & Ely, D.P. (1980).Teaching and media: A systematic approach (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Incorporated.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gery, G. (1991).Electronic Performance Support Systems. Boston: Weingarten Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, T. (1978)Human competence: Engineering worthy performance. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greer, M. (1992).ID project management: Tools and techniques for instructional designers and developers. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, K.L. (1981).Survey of instructional development models. Syracuse University: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources. (IR-81)

  • Gustafson, K.L. (1991).Survey of instructional development models. (2nd ed.) [with an annotated ERIC bibliography by G. C. Powell]. Syracuse University: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources. (IR-91)

  • Gustafson, K., & Reeves, T. (1990). IDioM: A platform for a course development expert system.Educational Technology, 30(3), 19–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamreus, D. (1968). The systems approach to instructional development. InThe contribution of behavioral science to instructional technology. Monmouth, Oregon: Oregon State System of Higher Education, Teaching Research Division. (EDRS: ED 041 448. Microfiche only.)

  • Harless, J. (1975).An ounce of analysis is worth a pound of cure. Newnan, Georgia: Harless Performance Guild.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartson, H., & Smith, E. (1991). Rapid prototyping in Human-computer interface development.Interacting with Computers, 3(1), 51–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan, N. (1978, June).A complemental approach to instructional development. Paper presented at the Congress on Education. Toronto, Canada. (Available as ERIC document ED 160029.)

  • Heinich, R., Molenda, M., Russell, J., & Smaldino, S. (1996).Instructional media and technologies for learning (5th ed.). New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hlynka, D., & Belland, J.C. (Eds.) (1991).Paradigms regained: The uses of illuminative, semiotic and post-modern criticism as modes of inquiry in educational technology. NJ: Educational Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M., Li, Z., & Merrill, M.D. (1992). Rapid prototyping in automated instructional design.Educational Technology Research and Development, 40(4), 95–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, J., Morrison, G., & Ross, S. (1994).Designing effective instruction. New York: Merrill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z., & Merrill, M.D. (1990). Transaction shells: A new approach to courseware authoring.Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 23(1) 72–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mager, R. (1984a).Goal Analysis. Belmont, CA: Pitman Management and Training.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mager, R. (1984b).Preparing instructional objectives (2nd ed.). Belmont, California: Pitman Management and Training.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merriam-Webster, (1991).Webster's ninth new collegiate dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merrill, M. D., (1981, February).Toward a theory-based approach to instructional development. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. Philadelphia, PA.

  • Merrill, M. D., Li, Z., & Jones, M. K. (1990). Second generation instructional design (ID2).Educational Technology, 30(2), 7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Special Media Institute. (1971).What is an IDI? East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathbun, G., Saito, R., & Goodrum, D. (1997).Reconceiving ISD: Three perspectives on rapid prototyping as a paradigm shift. Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. Albuquerque, New Mexico.

  • Reigeluth, C. M., & Nelson, L. M. (1997). A new paradigm of ISD? In R. Branch & B. Minor (Eds.),Educational Media and Technology Yearbook, 22, 24–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiser, R., & Dick, W. (1996).Instructional Planning: A guide for teachers (2nd edition). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiser, R., & Gagné, R. (1983).Selecting media for instruction. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossett, A. (1987).Training needs assessment. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvern, L.C. (1965).Basic analysis. Los Angeles, California: Education and Training Consultants Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P.L., & Ragan, T.J. (1993).Instructional design. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spector, J.M. (1994, April).A guided approach to instructional design advising. Paper presented at the international meeting of the Association for the Development of Computer-Based Instructional Systems. Nashville, Tennessee.

  • Spector, J.M., Polson, P., & Muraida, D. (Eds.) (1993).Automating instructional design: Concepts and issues. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamas, S. (1973). A descriptive study of a synthesized model, reporting its effectiveness, efficiency, and cognitive and affective influence of the development process on a client. (Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University, 1972).Dissertation Abstracts International, 34, (University Microfilms No 74-6139).

  • Stevens, G.H. (1995).Designing electronic performance support tools: Improving workplace performance with hypertext, hypermedia, and multimedia. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Educational Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stowe, R. (1971).Instructional development's the thing.Audiovisual Instruction.16(4), 8–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Training. (1996). 1996 Industry report: Technology and training.Training: The Human Side of Business, 33(10), 73–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripp, S., & Bichelmeyer, B. (1990). Rapid prototyping: An alternative instructional design strategy.Educational Technology Research & Development, 38(1), 31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, A., & Shewmake, D. (1985). The role of prototypes in user software engineering methodology. In H. Hartson (Ed.),Advances in human-computer interaction. Norwood, New Jersey: Albex, 191–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wedman, J., & Tessmer, M. (1991) Adapting instructional design to project circumstance: The layers of necessity model.Educational Technology, 21, 48–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, B. (Ed.) (1996).Constructivist learning environments: Case studies in instructional design. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Department of Instructional Technology, USA

    Kent L. Gustafson (Professor and Chairs) & Robert Maribe Branch (Associate Professor of Instructional Technology)

  2. The University of Georgia, USA

    Kent L. Gustafson (Professor and Chairs)

Authors
  1. Kent L. Gustafson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robert Maribe Branch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gustafson, K.L., Branch, R.M. Revisioning models of instructional development. ETR&D 45, 73–89 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02299731

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02299731

Keywords

Search

Navigation