Skip to main content
Log in

Capillary columns-from London to London in 25 years

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The paper presents an overview of the evolution of open tubular (capillary) columns introduced 25 years ago by M.J.E. Golay. This evolution is divided into five stages: the formulation of the theory and the basic work laying down the foundations for future work; learning the influence of the variables on column performance; development of columns with increased surface area; development of glass and fused-silica columns; and, finally, the introduction of open tubular columns in liquid chromatography. In each stage, the pioneering activities are summarized and the most important references given.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. J. P. Martin, in: Vapour Phase Chromatography (1956 London Symposium) (D. H. Desty, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1957, pp. 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  2. D. H. Desty, in: Advances in Chromatography, Vol. 1 (J. C. Giddings, R. A. Keller, eds.), M. Dekker Inc., New York, 1965, pp. 199–228.

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. I. M. Keulemans, A. Kwantes, in: Vapour Phase Chromatography (1956 London Symposium) (D. H. Desty ed.), Butterworths, London, 1957, pp. 15–34.

    Google Scholar 

  4. L. S. Ettre, J. Chromatogr. Sci.15, 90 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  5. L. S. Ettre, in: Applications of Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography (W. G. Jennings, ed.), M. Dekker, Inc., New York, 1981, pp. 1–47.

    Google Scholar 

  6. M. J. E. Golay, in: Gas Chromatography (1957 Lansing Symposium) (V. J. Coates, H. J. Noebels, I. S. Fagerson, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1958, pp. 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. H. Desty, in: Gas Chromatography 1970 (Dublin Symposium) (R. Stock, S. G. Perry, eds.), Institute of Petroleum, London, 1971, pp. 331–343.

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. J. E. Golay, in: Gas Chromatography 1958 (Amsterdam Symposium) (D. H. Desty, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1958, p. 36–55.

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Dijkstra, J. De Groey, in: Gas Chromatography 1958 (Amsterdam Symposium) (D. H. Desty, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1958, pp. 56–68.

    Google Scholar 

  10. I. G. McWilliam, R. A. Dewar, in: Gas Chromatography 1958 (Amsterdam Symposium) (D. H. Desty, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1958, pp. 56–68.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. E. Lovelock, Nature182, 1663 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  12. D. H. Desty, Abh. Deut. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Kl. Chem. Geol. Biol., No 9 (1959), pp. 176–184.

    Google Scholar 

  13. D. H. Desty, A. Goldup, B. H. F. Whyman, J. Inst. Petrol.45, 287 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  14. D. H. Desty, A. Goldup, W. T. Swanton, Nature183, 197 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. H. Desty, A. Goldup, in: Gas Chromatography 1960 (Edinburgh Symposium) (R. P. W. Scott, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1960, pp. 162–183.

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. H. Desty, A. Goldup, W. T. Swanton, in: Gas Chromatography (1961 Lansing Symposium) (N. Brenner, J. E. Callen, M. D. Weiss, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, pp. 105–138.

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. R. Lipsky, R. A. Landowne, J. E. Lovelock, Anal. Chem.31, 852 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  18. A. Zlatkis, J. E. Lovelock, Anal. Chem.31, 620 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. P. W. Scott, Nature183, 1753 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  20. R. P. W. Scott, G. S. F. Hazeldean, in: Gas Chromatography 1960 (Edinburgh Symposium) (R. P. W. Scott, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1960, pp. 162–183.

    Google Scholar 

  21. R. P. W. Scott, J. Inst. Petrol.47, 284 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  22. D. W. Grant, Coal Tar Res. Assoc. Report No. 627 (1960).

  23. E. A. Adlard, B. T. Whitman, in: Gas Chromatography (1961 Lansing Symposium) (N. Brenner, J. E. Callen, M. D. Weiss, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, pp. 371–390.

    Google Scholar 

  24. I. Halász, G. Schreyer, Chem. Ing. Techn.32, 675 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  25. I. Halász, G. Schreyer, Z. Anal. Chem.181, 367 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  26. I. Halász, W. Schneider, Anal. Chem.33, 978 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  27. I. Halász, W. Schneider, in: Gas Chromatography (1961 Lansing Symposium) (N. Brenner, J. E. Callen, M. D. Weiss, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, pp. 287–306.

    Google Scholar 

  28. R. E. Kaiser, H. G. Struppe, in: Gas-Chromatographie 1959 (Böhlen Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, H. G. Struppe, eds.), Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1959, pp. 177–194.

    Google Scholar 

  29. R. E. Kaiser, H. G. Struppe, H. Holzhäuser, H. Kuhl, Freiberger Forschungsh,A192, 205 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  30. D. Henneberg, G. Schomburg, in: Gas Chromatography 1962 (Hamburg Symposium) (M. van Swaay, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1962, pp. 191–203.

    Google Scholar 

  31. F. Bruner, G. Cartoni, A. Liberti, Chem. Ind. (Milan)44, 999 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  32. O. L. Hollis, Anal. Chem.33, 352 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  33. M. C. Simmons, D. B. Richardson, I. Dvoretzky, in: Gas Chromatography 1960 (Edinburgh Symposium) (R. P. W. Scott, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1960, pp. 211–223.

    Google Scholar 

  34. D. B. Richardson, M. S. Simmons, I. Dvoretzky, J. Am. Chem. Soc.83, 1934 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  35. L. R. Durrett, M. S. Simmons, I. Dvoretzky, Prepints, Division of Petrol. Chem., Am. Chem. Soc.6 (2-B), 63–77 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  36. L. R. Durrett, L. M. Taylor, C. F. Wantland, I. Dvoretzky, Prepints, Division of Petrol. Chem., Amer. Chem. Soc.,7 (3) 5–13 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  37. R. C. Teranishi, C. C. Nimmo, J. Corse, Anal. Chem.32, 1384 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  38. R. G. Buttery, C. E. Hendel, M. M. Boggs, J. Agr. Food Chem.9, 245 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  39. R. D. Condon, Anal. Chem.31, 1717 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  40. W. Averill, Instrument News12 (1), 6 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  41. W. Averill, in: Gas Chromatography (1961 Lansing Symposium) (N. Brenner, J. E. Callen, M. D. Weiss, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, pp. 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  42. L. S. Ettre, W. Averill, Anal. Chem.33, 680 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  43. L. S. Ettre, Instrument News13 (1a), 1 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  44. L. S. Ettre, E. W. Cieplinski, N. Brenner, ISA Reprints, No. 78-LA/61 (1961); ISA Trans.2, 134 (1963).

  45. L. S. Ettre, F. J. Kabor, Anal. Chem.34, 1431 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  46. S. D. Norem, Anal. Chem.34, 40 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  47. W. Averill, in: Progress in Industrial Gas Chromatography, Vol. 1 (H. Szymanski, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 1961, pp. 225–230.

    Google Scholar 

  48. J. Bouche, M. Verzele, J. Gas Chromatogr.6, 501 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  49. E. Kováts, meeting of the Gas Chromatography Discussion Group, Birmingham, April 21, 1961.

  50. H. Strickler, E. Kováts, J. Chromatogr.8, 289 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  51. D. Jentzsch, W. Hovermann, Aus der Praxis — für die Praxis, Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer & Co., Überlingen, No. 19-GC (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  52. D. Jentzsch, W. Hóvermann, J. Chromatogr.11, 440 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  53. L. S. Ettre, E. W. Cieplinski, W. Averill, J. Gas Chromatogr.1 (2), 7 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  54. E. R. Quiram, Anal. Chem.35, 593 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  55. R. D. Schwartz, D. J. Brasseaux, G. R. Shoemake, J. Gas Chromatogr.1 (1), 32, (2) 17 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  56. R. Teranishi, T. R. Mon, Anal. Chem.36, 1491 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  57. D. R. Clarke, Nature198, 681 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  58. R. D. Condon, L. S. Ettre, in Instrumentation in Gas Chromatography (J. Krugers, ed.), Centrex, Eindhoven, 1968, pp. 87–105.

    Google Scholar 

  59. A. L. German, E. C. Horning, Anal. Lett.5, 619 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  60. G. Schomburg, H. Behlau, R. Dielmann, G. Weeke, H. Husmann, J. Chromatogr.142, 87 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  61. K. Grob, G. Grob, Chromatographia5, 3 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  62. K. Grob, K. Grob Jr., J. Chromatogr.94, 53 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  63. K. Grob, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.1, 263 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  64. M. Galli, S. Trestianu, K. Grob Jr., J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.2, 366 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  65. M. J. E. Golay, in: Gas Chromatography 1960 (Edinburgh Symposium) (R. P. W. Scott, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1960, pp. 139–143.

    Google Scholar 

  66. C. Horváth, Trennsäulen mit dünnen porösen Schichten für die Gaschromatographie. Inaugural Dissertation, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  67. I. Halász, C. Horváth, Anal. Chem.35, 499 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  68. I. Halász, C. Horváth, Nature197, 71 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  69. L. S. Ettre, J. E. Purcell, S. D. Norem, J. Gas Chromatogr.3, 181 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  70. J. E. Purcell, L. S. Ettre, J. Gas Chromatogr.4, 23 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  71. L. S. Ettre, J. E. Purcell, in: Chromatographie et Méthods de Séparation Immédiate (G. Parissakis, ed.), Union of Greek Chemists, Athens, 1966, Vol. 1, pp. 67–84.

    Google Scholar 

  72. L. S. Ettre, J. E. Purcell, K. Billeb, J. Chromatogr.24, 335 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  73. L. S. Ettre, in: Gas Chromatography 1966 (Rome Symposium) (A. B. Littlewood, ed.), Institute of Petroleum, London, 1967, pp. 115–118.

    Google Scholar 

  74. L. S. Ettre, J. E. Purcell, K. Billeb, Separation Sci.1, 777 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  75. W. Averill, Chromatogr. Newslett.1, 27 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  76. L. S. Ettre, J. E. Purcell, in Advances in Chromatography, Vol. 10 (J. C. Giddings and R. A. Keller, eds.), M. Dekker, Inc., New York, 1974, pp. 1–94.

    Google Scholar 

  77. M. J. E. Golay, Nature199, 370 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  78. M. J. E. Golay, Anal. Chem.40, 382 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  79. E. L. Ilkova, E. A. Mistryukov, J. Chromatogr. Sci.9, 569 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  80. Z. F. Lue, Y. Y. Tung, R. M. Chao, Q. Y. Ou, P. Y. Yang, K. N. Dong, W. L. Yu, J. High Resolut Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.2, 429 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  81. R. E. Kaiser, Chromatographia1, 34 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  82. J. Nikkely, Anal. Chem.44, 623, 625 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  83. J. Nikkely, Anal. Chem.45, 2280 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  84. M. Blumer, Anal. Chem.45, 980 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  85. A. L. German, C. D. Pfaffenberger, J. P. Thenot, M. G. Horning, E. C. Horning, Anal. Chem.45, 930 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  86. P. van Hout, J. Szafranek, C. D. Pfaffenberger, E. C. Horning, J. Chromatogr.99, 103 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  87. M. Mohnke, W. Saffert, in: Gas Chromatography 1962 (Hamburg Symposium) (M. van Swaay, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1962, pp. 216–224.

    Google Scholar 

  88. M. Mohnke, O. Piringer, E. Tataru, J. Gas Chromatogr.6, 117 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  89. A. V. Kiselev, in: Gas Chromatography 1962 (Hamburg Symposium) (M. van Swaay, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1962, pp. xxxiv-liii.

    Google Scholar 

  90. F. A. Bruner, G. P. Cartoni, Anal. Chem.36, 1522 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  91. F. A. Bruner, G. P. Cartoni, A. Liberti, in: Advances in Gas Chromatography 1965 (Houston Symposium) (A. Zlatkis, L. S. Ettre, eds.), Preston Techn. Abstracts Co., Evanston, Illinois, 1966, pp. 106–111.

    Google Scholar 

  92. F. Bruner, G. P. Cartoni, M. Possanzini, Anal. Chem.41, 1122 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  93. D. Jentzsch (to Perkin-Elmer Corp.) U.S. Patent 3,182,394 (filed December 1, 1962, issued May 11, 1965).

  94. H. H. Ness (to Perkin-Elmer Corp.), U.S. Patent 3,238,759 (filed November 12, 1963, issued March 8, 1966).

  95. D. W. Grant, J. Gas Chromatogr.6, 18 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  96. D. A. Cronin, J. Chromatogr.48, 406 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  97. J. D. Schieke, N. R. Comins, V. Pretorius, Chromatographia8, 354 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  98. J. D. Schieke, N. R. Comins, V. Pretorius, J. Chromatogr.112, 97 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  99. J. D. Schieke, N. R. Comins, V. Pretorius, J. Chromatogr.114, 190 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  100. J. D. Schieke, N. R. Comins, V. Pretorius, J. Chromatogr.115, 373 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  101. J. D. Schieke, V. Pretorius, J. Chromatogr.132, 217, 223, 231 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  102. F. I. Onuska, M. E. Comba, J. Chromatogr.126, 133 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  103. F. I. Onuska, M. E. Comba, in: Glass Capillary Chromatography (1977 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1977, pp. 283–298.

    Google Scholar 

  104. F. I. Onuska, M. E. Comba, T. Bistricki, R. J. Wilkinson, J. Chromatogr.117 (1977).

  105. P. Sandra, M. Verstaape, M. Verzele, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.1, 28 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  106. D. H. Desty, J. N. Haresnape, B. H. F. Whyman, Anal. Chem.32, 302 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  107. A. Kreyenbuhl, Bull. soc. chim. France1960, 2125.

  108. Discussion on Open Tubular Columns, in: Gas Chromatography (1961 Lansing Symposium) (N. Brenner, J. E. Callen, M. D. Weiss, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, p. 560.

    Google Scholar 

  109. K. Grob, Helv. Chim. Acta48, 1362 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  110. K. Grob, in: Gas Chromatography 1966 (Rome Symposium) (A. B. Littlewood, ed.), Institute of Petroleum, London, 1967, pp. 113–114.

    Google Scholar 

  111. A. Liberti, in: Gas Chromatography 1966 (Rome Symposium) (A. B. Littlewood, ed.), Institute of Petroleum, London, 1967, pp. 95–113.

    Google Scholar 

  112. K. Tesařik, M. Novotný, in: Gas-Chromatographie 1968 (Berlin Symposium) (H. G. Struppe, ed.), Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1968, pp. 575–584.

    Google Scholar 

  113. M. Novotný, K. Tesařik, Chromatographia1, 332 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  114. M. Novotný, A. Zlatkis, Chromatogr. Rev.14, 1 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  115. G. Alexander, Chromatographia13, 651 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  116. R. E. Kaiser, Glass Capillary Chromatography (First International Symposium, Hindelang/Allgäu, May 4–7, 1975, Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  117. R. E. Kaiser, ed., Glass Capillary Chromatography (Second International Symposium, Hindelang/Allgäu, May 2–6, 1977), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  118. R. E. Kaiser ed., Glass Capillary Chromatography (Third International Symposium, Hindelang/Allgäu, April 29–May 3, 1979), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  119. R. E. Kaiser ed., Capillary Chromatography (Fourth International Symposium, Hindelang/Allgäu, May 3–7, 1981, Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  120. R. D. Dandeneau, E. H. Zerenner, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.2, 351 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  121. S. R. Lipsky, W. J. McMurray, M. Hernandez, J. E. Purcell, K. Billeb, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 1 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  122. S. R. Lipsky, W. J. McMurray, in: Advances in Chromatography (1981 Barcelona Symposium) (A. Zlatkis, R. Segura, L. S. Ettre, eds.), Univ. of Houston, Houston 1981, pp. 195–209.

    Google Scholar 

  123. S. R. Lipsky, W. J. McMurray, in: Capillary Chromatography (1981 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981, pp. 109–137.

    Google Scholar 

  124. P. Larson, T. Stark, R. Dandeneau, in: Capillary Chromatography (1981 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981, pp. 727–750.

    Google Scholar 

  125. M. L. Lee, B. W. Wright, K. D. Bartle, in: Capillary Chromatography (1981 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981, pp. 505–522.

    Google Scholar 

  126. W. G. Jennings, Comparisons of Fused Silica and Other Glass Columns in Gas Chromatography, Hüthig Verlag, Heidelberg, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  127. E. W. Abel, F. H. Pollard, P. C. Uden, G. Nickless, J. Chromatogr.22, 23 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  128. I. Halász, I. Sebastian, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.8, 453 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  129. R. E. Majors, in: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Vol. 1 (Cs. Horváth, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1980, pp. 75–111.

    Google Scholar 

  130. M. Rigaud, P. Chebroux, J. Durand, J. Maclouf, C. Madani, Tetrahedron Lett.1976, 3935.

  131. C. Madani, E. M. Chambaz, M. Rigaud, J. Durand, P. Chebroux, J. Chromatogr.126, 161 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  132. C. Madani, E. M. Chambaz, M. Rigaud, P. Chebroux, J. C. Breton, F. Berthou, Chromatographia10, 466 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  133. C. Madani, E. M. Chambaz, Chromatographia11, 725 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  134. C. Madani, E. M. Chambaz, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc.58, 63 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  135. L. Blomberg, J. Buijten, J. Gawdszik, T. Wännman, Chromatographia11, 521 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  136. L. Blomberg, T. Wännman, J. Chromatogr.168, 81 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  137. L. Blomberg, T. Wännman, J. Chromatogr.186, 159 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  138. L. Blomberg, K. Markides, T. Wännman, J. Chromatogr.203, 217 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  139. L. Blomberg, J. Buijten, K. Markides, T. Wännman, J. Chromatogr.208, 231 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  140. L. Blomberg, J. Buijten, K. Markides, T. Wännman, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.4, 578 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  141. L. Blomberg, J. Buijten, K. Markides, T. Wännman, J. Chromatogr.239, 51 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  142. K. Grob, G. Grob, K. Grob Jr., J. Chromatogr.211, 243 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  143. K. Grob, G. Grob, J. Chromatogr.213, 211 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  144. P. Sandra, G. Redant, E. Schacht, M. Verzele, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.4, 411 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  145. S. R. Lipsky, W. J. McMurray, J. Chromatogr.217, 3 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  146. S. R. Lipsky, W. J. McMurray, J. Chromatogr.239, 61 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  147. M. L. Lee, P. A. Peaden, B. W. Wright, 33rd Pittsburgh Conf. Anal. Chemistry and Appl. Spectroscopy, March 8013, 1982, Atlantic City, NJ; paper no. 298.

  148. J. C. Giddings, Anal. Chem.35, 2215 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  149. V. Pretorius, T. W. Smuts, Anal. Chem.38, 274 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  150. M. J. E. Golay, Chromatographia6, 242 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  151. G. Nota, G. Marino, V. Buonocore, A. Ballio, J. Chromatogr.46, 103 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  152. R. Tijssen, Separation Sci. Technol.13, 681 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  153. R. Tijssen, Axial Dispersion in Helically Coiled Open Columns for Chromatography. Ph. D. Thesis, Technical University, Delft, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  154. R. Tijssen, J. P. A. Bleumer, A. L. C. Smit, M. E. van Kreveld, J. Chromatogr.218, 137 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  155. T. Tsuda, M. Novotny, Anal. Chem.50, 632 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  156. K. Hibi, D. Ishii, I. Fujishima, T. Takeuchi, T. Nakanishi, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.1, 21 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  157. T. Tsuda, K. Hibi, T. Nakanishi, T. Takeuchi, D. Ishii, J. Chromatogr.158, 227 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  158. K. Hibi, T. Tsuda, T. Takeuchi, T. Nakanishi, D. Ishii, J. Chromatogr.175, 105 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  159. D. Ishii, T. Tsuda, T. Takeuchi, J. Chromatogr.185, 73 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  160. D. Ishii, T. Tsuda, K. Hibi, T. Takeuchi, T. Nakanishi, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.2, 371 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  161. K. Hibi, D. Ishii, T. Tsuda, J. Chromatogr.189, 179 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  162. T. Takeuchi, K. Matsuoka, Y. Natanabe, D. Ishii, J. Chromatogr.192, 127 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  163. D. Ishii, T. Takeuchi, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 462 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  164. D. Ishii, T. Takeuchi, in: Capillary Chromatography (1981 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981, pp. 11–34.

    Google Scholar 

  165. T. Tsuda, K. Tsuboi, G. Nakagawa, J. Chromatogr.214, 283 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  166. M. Krejči, K. Slais, K. Tesařik, J. Chromatogr.149, 645 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  167. M. Krejči, K. Tesařik, J. Pajurek, J. Chromatogr.191, 17 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  168. K. Tesařik, J. Chromatogr.191, 25 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  169. M. Krejči, K. Tesařik, M. Rusek, J. Pajurek, J. Chromatogr.218, 167 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  170. T. Tsuda, M. Novotny, Anal. Chem.50, 271 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  171. Y. Hirata, M. Novotny, T. Tsuda, D. Ishii, Anal. Chem.51, 1807 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  172. Y. Hirata, M. Novotny, J. Chromatogr.186, 521 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  173. M. Novotny, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 473 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  174. M. Novotny, Anal. Chem.53, 1294A (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  175. R. P. W. Scott, P. Kucera, J. Chromatogr.169, 51 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  176. R. P. W. Scott, P. Kucera, J. Chromatogr.185, 27 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  177. R. P. W. Scott, P. Kucera, M. Munroe, J. Chromatogr.186, 475 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  178. C. F. Reese, R. P. W. Scott, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 479 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  179. J. L. DiCesare, M. W. Dong, L. S. Ettre, Chromatographia14, 257 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  180. J. L. DiCesare, M. W. Dong, J. G. Atwood, J. Chromatogr.217, 369 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  181. M. W. Dong, J. L. DiCesare, J. Chromatogr. Sci.20, 49 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  182. J. L. DiCesare, M. W. Dong, L. S. Ettre, Introduction to High-Speed Liquid Chromatography, Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, Conn., 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  183. M. N. Myers, J. C. Giddings, Separation Sci.1, 761 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  184. L. McLaren, M. N. Myers, J. C. Giddings, Science159, 197 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  185. J. C. Giddings, M. N. Myers, L. McLaren, R. A. Keller, Science162, 67 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  186. S. T. Sie, G. W. A. Rijnders, Separation Sci.1, 459 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  187. S. T. Sie, G. W. A. Rijnders, Separation Sci.2, 729, 755 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  188. M. Novotny, S. R. Springstong, P. A. Peaden, J. C. Fjeldsted, M. L. Lee, Anal. Chem.53, 407A (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  189. S. R. Springston, M. Novotny, 33rd Pittsburgh Conf. Anal. Chemistry and Appl. Spectroscopy, March 8–13, 1982, Atlantic City, NJ: paper no. 679.

  190. P. A. Peaden, J. C. Fjeldsted, M. L. Lee, 33rd Pittsburgh Conf. Anal. Chemistry and Appl. Spectroscopy, March 8–13, 1982, Atlantic City, NJ; paper no. 680.

  191. C. P. M. Schutjes, Z. A. Vermeer, V. A. Rijks, C. A. Cramers, in: Capillary Chromatography (1981 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981, pp. 687–702.

    Google Scholar 

  192. J. E. Purcell, R. P. W. Scott, 33rd Pittsburgh Conf. Anal. Chemistry and Appl. Spectroscopy, March 8–13, 1982, Atlantic City, NJ; paper no. 642.

  193. J. E. Purcell, Chromatographia15, 546 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Plenary lecture at the 14th International Symposium on Chromatography, London, September 13–17, 1982.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ettre, L.S. Capillary columns-from London to London in 25 years. Chromatographia 16, 18–25 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02258863

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02258863

Key Words

Navigation