Summary
The paper presents an overview of the evolution of open tubular (capillary) columns introduced 25 years ago by M.J.E. Golay. This evolution is divided into five stages: the formulation of the theory and the basic work laying down the foundations for future work; learning the influence of the variables on column performance; development of columns with increased surface area; development of glass and fused-silica columns; and, finally, the introduction of open tubular columns in liquid chromatography. In each stage, the pioneering activities are summarized and the most important references given.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. J. P. Martin, in: Vapour Phase Chromatography (1956 London Symposium) (D. H. Desty, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1957, pp. 1–4.
D. H. Desty, in: Advances in Chromatography, Vol. 1 (J. C. Giddings, R. A. Keller, eds.), M. Dekker Inc., New York, 1965, pp. 199–228.
A. I. M. Keulemans, A. Kwantes, in: Vapour Phase Chromatography (1956 London Symposium) (D. H. Desty ed.), Butterworths, London, 1957, pp. 15–34.
L. S. Ettre, J. Chromatogr. Sci.15, 90 (1977).
L. S. Ettre, in: Applications of Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography (W. G. Jennings, ed.), M. Dekker, Inc., New York, 1981, pp. 1–47.
M. J. E. Golay, in: Gas Chromatography (1957 Lansing Symposium) (V. J. Coates, H. J. Noebels, I. S. Fagerson, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1958, pp. 1–13.
D. H. Desty, in: Gas Chromatography 1970 (Dublin Symposium) (R. Stock, S. G. Perry, eds.), Institute of Petroleum, London, 1971, pp. 331–343.
M. J. E. Golay, in: Gas Chromatography 1958 (Amsterdam Symposium) (D. H. Desty, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1958, p. 36–55.
G. Dijkstra, J. De Groey, in: Gas Chromatography 1958 (Amsterdam Symposium) (D. H. Desty, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1958, pp. 56–68.
I. G. McWilliam, R. A. Dewar, in: Gas Chromatography 1958 (Amsterdam Symposium) (D. H. Desty, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1958, pp. 56–68.
J. E. Lovelock, Nature182, 1663 (1958).
D. H. Desty, Abh. Deut. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Kl. Chem. Geol. Biol., No 9 (1959), pp. 176–184.
D. H. Desty, A. Goldup, B. H. F. Whyman, J. Inst. Petrol.45, 287 (1959).
D. H. Desty, A. Goldup, W. T. Swanton, Nature183, 197 (1959).
D. H. Desty, A. Goldup, in: Gas Chromatography 1960 (Edinburgh Symposium) (R. P. W. Scott, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1960, pp. 162–183.
D. H. Desty, A. Goldup, W. T. Swanton, in: Gas Chromatography (1961 Lansing Symposium) (N. Brenner, J. E. Callen, M. D. Weiss, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, pp. 105–138.
S. R. Lipsky, R. A. Landowne, J. E. Lovelock, Anal. Chem.31, 852 (1959).
A. Zlatkis, J. E. Lovelock, Anal. Chem.31, 620 (1959).
R. P. W. Scott, Nature183, 1753 (1959).
R. P. W. Scott, G. S. F. Hazeldean, in: Gas Chromatography 1960 (Edinburgh Symposium) (R. P. W. Scott, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1960, pp. 162–183.
R. P. W. Scott, J. Inst. Petrol.47, 284 (1961).
D. W. Grant, Coal Tar Res. Assoc. Report No. 627 (1960).
E. A. Adlard, B. T. Whitman, in: Gas Chromatography (1961 Lansing Symposium) (N. Brenner, J. E. Callen, M. D. Weiss, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, pp. 371–390.
I. Halász, G. Schreyer, Chem. Ing. Techn.32, 675 (1960).
I. Halász, G. Schreyer, Z. Anal. Chem.181, 367 (1961).
I. Halász, W. Schneider, Anal. Chem.33, 978 (1961).
I. Halász, W. Schneider, in: Gas Chromatography (1961 Lansing Symposium) (N. Brenner, J. E. Callen, M. D. Weiss, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, pp. 287–306.
R. E. Kaiser, H. G. Struppe, in: Gas-Chromatographie 1959 (Böhlen Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, H. G. Struppe, eds.), Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1959, pp. 177–194.
R. E. Kaiser, H. G. Struppe, H. Holzhäuser, H. Kuhl, Freiberger Forschungsh,A192, 205 (1961).
D. Henneberg, G. Schomburg, in: Gas Chromatography 1962 (Hamburg Symposium) (M. van Swaay, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1962, pp. 191–203.
F. Bruner, G. Cartoni, A. Liberti, Chem. Ind. (Milan)44, 999 (1962).
O. L. Hollis, Anal. Chem.33, 352 (1961).
M. C. Simmons, D. B. Richardson, I. Dvoretzky, in: Gas Chromatography 1960 (Edinburgh Symposium) (R. P. W. Scott, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1960, pp. 211–223.
D. B. Richardson, M. S. Simmons, I. Dvoretzky, J. Am. Chem. Soc.83, 1934 (1961).
L. R. Durrett, M. S. Simmons, I. Dvoretzky, Prepints, Division of Petrol. Chem., Am. Chem. Soc.6 (2-B), 63–77 (1961).
L. R. Durrett, L. M. Taylor, C. F. Wantland, I. Dvoretzky, Prepints, Division of Petrol. Chem., Amer. Chem. Soc.,7 (3) 5–13 (1962).
R. C. Teranishi, C. C. Nimmo, J. Corse, Anal. Chem.32, 1384 (1960).
R. G. Buttery, C. E. Hendel, M. M. Boggs, J. Agr. Food Chem.9, 245 (1961).
R. D. Condon, Anal. Chem.31, 1717 (1959).
W. Averill, Instrument News12 (1), 6 (1960).
W. Averill, in: Gas Chromatography (1961 Lansing Symposium) (N. Brenner, J. E. Callen, M. D. Weiss, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, pp. 1–6.
L. S. Ettre, W. Averill, Anal. Chem.33, 680 (1961).
L. S. Ettre, Instrument News13 (1a), 1 (1961).
L. S. Ettre, E. W. Cieplinski, N. Brenner, ISA Reprints, No. 78-LA/61 (1961); ISA Trans.2, 134 (1963).
L. S. Ettre, F. J. Kabor, Anal. Chem.34, 1431 (1962).
S. D. Norem, Anal. Chem.34, 40 (1962).
W. Averill, in: Progress in Industrial Gas Chromatography, Vol. 1 (H. Szymanski, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 1961, pp. 225–230.
J. Bouche, M. Verzele, J. Gas Chromatogr.6, 501 (1968).
E. Kováts, meeting of the Gas Chromatography Discussion Group, Birmingham, April 21, 1961.
H. Strickler, E. Kováts, J. Chromatogr.8, 289 (1962).
D. Jentzsch, W. Hovermann, Aus der Praxis — für die Praxis, Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer & Co., Überlingen, No. 19-GC (1962).
D. Jentzsch, W. Hóvermann, J. Chromatogr.11, 440 (1963).
L. S. Ettre, E. W. Cieplinski, W. Averill, J. Gas Chromatogr.1 (2), 7 (1963).
E. R. Quiram, Anal. Chem.35, 593 (1963).
R. D. Schwartz, D. J. Brasseaux, G. R. Shoemake, J. Gas Chromatogr.1 (1), 32, (2) 17 (1963).
R. Teranishi, T. R. Mon, Anal. Chem.36, 1491 (1964).
D. R. Clarke, Nature198, 681 (1963).
R. D. Condon, L. S. Ettre, in Instrumentation in Gas Chromatography (J. Krugers, ed.), Centrex, Eindhoven, 1968, pp. 87–105.
A. L. German, E. C. Horning, Anal. Lett.5, 619 (1972).
G. Schomburg, H. Behlau, R. Dielmann, G. Weeke, H. Husmann, J. Chromatogr.142, 87 (1977).
K. Grob, G. Grob, Chromatographia5, 3 (1972).
K. Grob, K. Grob Jr., J. Chromatogr.94, 53 (1974).
K. Grob, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.1, 263 (1978).
M. Galli, S. Trestianu, K. Grob Jr., J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.2, 366 (1979).
M. J. E. Golay, in: Gas Chromatography 1960 (Edinburgh Symposium) (R. P. W. Scott, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1960, pp. 139–143.
C. Horváth, Trennsäulen mit dünnen porösen Schichten für die Gaschromatographie. Inaugural Dissertation, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, 1963.
I. Halász, C. Horváth, Anal. Chem.35, 499 (1963).
I. Halász, C. Horváth, Nature197, 71 (1963).
L. S. Ettre, J. E. Purcell, S. D. Norem, J. Gas Chromatogr.3, 181 (1965).
J. E. Purcell, L. S. Ettre, J. Gas Chromatogr.4, 23 (1966).
L. S. Ettre, J. E. Purcell, in: Chromatographie et Méthods de Séparation Immédiate (G. Parissakis, ed.), Union of Greek Chemists, Athens, 1966, Vol. 1, pp. 67–84.
L. S. Ettre, J. E. Purcell, K. Billeb, J. Chromatogr.24, 335 (1966).
L. S. Ettre, in: Gas Chromatography 1966 (Rome Symposium) (A. B. Littlewood, ed.), Institute of Petroleum, London, 1967, pp. 115–118.
L. S. Ettre, J. E. Purcell, K. Billeb, Separation Sci.1, 777 (1966).
W. Averill, Chromatogr. Newslett.1, 27 (1972).
L. S. Ettre, J. E. Purcell, in Advances in Chromatography, Vol. 10 (J. C. Giddings and R. A. Keller, eds.), M. Dekker, Inc., New York, 1974, pp. 1–94.
M. J. E. Golay, Nature199, 370 (1963).
M. J. E. Golay, Anal. Chem.40, 382 (1968).
E. L. Ilkova, E. A. Mistryukov, J. Chromatogr. Sci.9, 569 (1961).
Z. F. Lue, Y. Y. Tung, R. M. Chao, Q. Y. Ou, P. Y. Yang, K. N. Dong, W. L. Yu, J. High Resolut Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.2, 429 (1979).
R. E. Kaiser, Chromatographia1, 34 (1968).
J. Nikkely, Anal. Chem.44, 623, 625 (1972).
J. Nikkely, Anal. Chem.45, 2280 (1973).
M. Blumer, Anal. Chem.45, 980 (1973).
A. L. German, C. D. Pfaffenberger, J. P. Thenot, M. G. Horning, E. C. Horning, Anal. Chem.45, 930 (1973).
P. van Hout, J. Szafranek, C. D. Pfaffenberger, E. C. Horning, J. Chromatogr.99, 103 (1974).
M. Mohnke, W. Saffert, in: Gas Chromatography 1962 (Hamburg Symposium) (M. van Swaay, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1962, pp. 216–224.
M. Mohnke, O. Piringer, E. Tataru, J. Gas Chromatogr.6, 117 (1968).
A. V. Kiselev, in: Gas Chromatography 1962 (Hamburg Symposium) (M. van Swaay, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1962, pp. xxxiv-liii.
F. A. Bruner, G. P. Cartoni, Anal. Chem.36, 1522 (1964).
F. A. Bruner, G. P. Cartoni, A. Liberti, in: Advances in Gas Chromatography 1965 (Houston Symposium) (A. Zlatkis, L. S. Ettre, eds.), Preston Techn. Abstracts Co., Evanston, Illinois, 1966, pp. 106–111.
F. Bruner, G. P. Cartoni, M. Possanzini, Anal. Chem.41, 1122 (1969).
D. Jentzsch (to Perkin-Elmer Corp.) U.S. Patent 3,182,394 (filed December 1, 1962, issued May 11, 1965).
H. H. Ness (to Perkin-Elmer Corp.), U.S. Patent 3,238,759 (filed November 12, 1963, issued March 8, 1966).
D. W. Grant, J. Gas Chromatogr.6, 18 (1969).
D. A. Cronin, J. Chromatogr.48, 406 (1970).
J. D. Schieke, N. R. Comins, V. Pretorius, Chromatographia8, 354 (1975).
J. D. Schieke, N. R. Comins, V. Pretorius, J. Chromatogr.112, 97 (1975).
J. D. Schieke, N. R. Comins, V. Pretorius, J. Chromatogr.114, 190 (1975).
J. D. Schieke, N. R. Comins, V. Pretorius, J. Chromatogr.115, 373 (1975).
J. D. Schieke, V. Pretorius, J. Chromatogr.132, 217, 223, 231 (1977).
F. I. Onuska, M. E. Comba, J. Chromatogr.126, 133 (1976).
F. I. Onuska, M. E. Comba, in: Glass Capillary Chromatography (1977 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1977, pp. 283–298.
F. I. Onuska, M. E. Comba, T. Bistricki, R. J. Wilkinson, J. Chromatogr.117 (1977).
P. Sandra, M. Verstaape, M. Verzele, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.1, 28 (1978).
D. H. Desty, J. N. Haresnape, B. H. F. Whyman, Anal. Chem.32, 302 (1960).
A. Kreyenbuhl, Bull. soc. chim. France1960, 2125.
Discussion on Open Tubular Columns, in: Gas Chromatography (1961 Lansing Symposium) (N. Brenner, J. E. Callen, M. D. Weiss, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1962, p. 560.
K. Grob, Helv. Chim. Acta48, 1362 (1965).
K. Grob, in: Gas Chromatography 1966 (Rome Symposium) (A. B. Littlewood, ed.), Institute of Petroleum, London, 1967, pp. 113–114.
A. Liberti, in: Gas Chromatography 1966 (Rome Symposium) (A. B. Littlewood, ed.), Institute of Petroleum, London, 1967, pp. 95–113.
K. Tesařik, M. Novotný, in: Gas-Chromatographie 1968 (Berlin Symposium) (H. G. Struppe, ed.), Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1968, pp. 575–584.
M. Novotný, K. Tesařik, Chromatographia1, 332 (1968).
M. Novotný, A. Zlatkis, Chromatogr. Rev.14, 1 (1971).
G. Alexander, Chromatographia13, 651 (1980).
R. E. Kaiser, Glass Capillary Chromatography (First International Symposium, Hindelang/Allgäu, May 4–7, 1975, Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1975.
R. E. Kaiser, ed., Glass Capillary Chromatography (Second International Symposium, Hindelang/Allgäu, May 2–6, 1977), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1977.
R. E. Kaiser ed., Glass Capillary Chromatography (Third International Symposium, Hindelang/Allgäu, April 29–May 3, 1979), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1979.
R. E. Kaiser ed., Capillary Chromatography (Fourth International Symposium, Hindelang/Allgäu, May 3–7, 1981, Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981.
R. D. Dandeneau, E. H. Zerenner, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.2, 351 (1979).
S. R. Lipsky, W. J. McMurray, M. Hernandez, J. E. Purcell, K. Billeb, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 1 (1980).
S. R. Lipsky, W. J. McMurray, in: Advances in Chromatography (1981 Barcelona Symposium) (A. Zlatkis, R. Segura, L. S. Ettre, eds.), Univ. of Houston, Houston 1981, pp. 195–209.
S. R. Lipsky, W. J. McMurray, in: Capillary Chromatography (1981 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981, pp. 109–137.
P. Larson, T. Stark, R. Dandeneau, in: Capillary Chromatography (1981 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981, pp. 727–750.
M. L. Lee, B. W. Wright, K. D. Bartle, in: Capillary Chromatography (1981 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981, pp. 505–522.
W. G. Jennings, Comparisons of Fused Silica and Other Glass Columns in Gas Chromatography, Hüthig Verlag, Heidelberg, 1981.
E. W. Abel, F. H. Pollard, P. C. Uden, G. Nickless, J. Chromatogr.22, 23 (1966).
I. Halász, I. Sebastian, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.8, 453 (1969).
R. E. Majors, in: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Vol. 1 (Cs. Horváth, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1980, pp. 75–111.
M. Rigaud, P. Chebroux, J. Durand, J. Maclouf, C. Madani, Tetrahedron Lett.1976, 3935.
C. Madani, E. M. Chambaz, M. Rigaud, J. Durand, P. Chebroux, J. Chromatogr.126, 161 (1976).
C. Madani, E. M. Chambaz, M. Rigaud, P. Chebroux, J. C. Breton, F. Berthou, Chromatographia10, 466 (1977).
C. Madani, E. M. Chambaz, Chromatographia11, 725 (1978).
C. Madani, E. M. Chambaz, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc.58, 63 (1981).
L. Blomberg, J. Buijten, J. Gawdszik, T. Wännman, Chromatographia11, 521 (1978).
L. Blomberg, T. Wännman, J. Chromatogr.168, 81 (1979).
L. Blomberg, T. Wännman, J. Chromatogr.186, 159 (1979).
L. Blomberg, K. Markides, T. Wännman, J. Chromatogr.203, 217 (1981).
L. Blomberg, J. Buijten, K. Markides, T. Wännman, J. Chromatogr.208, 231 (1981).
L. Blomberg, J. Buijten, K. Markides, T. Wännman, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.4, 578 (1981).
L. Blomberg, J. Buijten, K. Markides, T. Wännman, J. Chromatogr.239, 51 (1982).
K. Grob, G. Grob, K. Grob Jr., J. Chromatogr.211, 243 (1981).
K. Grob, G. Grob, J. Chromatogr.213, 211 (1981).
P. Sandra, G. Redant, E. Schacht, M. Verzele, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.4, 411 (1981).
S. R. Lipsky, W. J. McMurray, J. Chromatogr.217, 3 (1981).
S. R. Lipsky, W. J. McMurray, J. Chromatogr.239, 61 (1982).
M. L. Lee, P. A. Peaden, B. W. Wright, 33rd Pittsburgh Conf. Anal. Chemistry and Appl. Spectroscopy, March 8013, 1982, Atlantic City, NJ; paper no. 298.
J. C. Giddings, Anal. Chem.35, 2215 (1963).
V. Pretorius, T. W. Smuts, Anal. Chem.38, 274 (1966).
M. J. E. Golay, Chromatographia6, 242 (1973).
G. Nota, G. Marino, V. Buonocore, A. Ballio, J. Chromatogr.46, 103 (1970).
R. Tijssen, Separation Sci. Technol.13, 681 (1978).
R. Tijssen, Axial Dispersion in Helically Coiled Open Columns for Chromatography. Ph. D. Thesis, Technical University, Delft, 1979.
R. Tijssen, J. P. A. Bleumer, A. L. C. Smit, M. E. van Kreveld, J. Chromatogr.218, 137 (1981).
T. Tsuda, M. Novotny, Anal. Chem.50, 632 (1978).
K. Hibi, D. Ishii, I. Fujishima, T. Takeuchi, T. Nakanishi, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.1, 21 (1978).
T. Tsuda, K. Hibi, T. Nakanishi, T. Takeuchi, D. Ishii, J. Chromatogr.158, 227 (1978).
K. Hibi, T. Tsuda, T. Takeuchi, T. Nakanishi, D. Ishii, J. Chromatogr.175, 105 (1979).
D. Ishii, T. Tsuda, T. Takeuchi, J. Chromatogr.185, 73 (1979).
D. Ishii, T. Tsuda, K. Hibi, T. Takeuchi, T. Nakanishi, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun.2, 371 (1979).
K. Hibi, D. Ishii, T. Tsuda, J. Chromatogr.189, 179 (1980).
T. Takeuchi, K. Matsuoka, Y. Natanabe, D. Ishii, J. Chromatogr.192, 127 (1980).
D. Ishii, T. Takeuchi, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 462 (1980).
D. Ishii, T. Takeuchi, in: Capillary Chromatography (1981 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981, pp. 11–34.
T. Tsuda, K. Tsuboi, G. Nakagawa, J. Chromatogr.214, 283 (1981).
M. Krejči, K. Slais, K. Tesařik, J. Chromatogr.149, 645 (1978).
M. Krejči, K. Tesařik, J. Pajurek, J. Chromatogr.191, 17 (1980).
K. Tesařik, J. Chromatogr.191, 25 (1980).
M. Krejči, K. Tesařik, M. Rusek, J. Pajurek, J. Chromatogr.218, 167 (1981).
T. Tsuda, M. Novotny, Anal. Chem.50, 271 (1978).
Y. Hirata, M. Novotny, T. Tsuda, D. Ishii, Anal. Chem.51, 1807 (1979).
Y. Hirata, M. Novotny, J. Chromatogr.186, 521 (1979).
M. Novotny, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 473 (1980).
M. Novotny, Anal. Chem.53, 1294A (1981).
R. P. W. Scott, P. Kucera, J. Chromatogr.169, 51 (1979).
R. P. W. Scott, P. Kucera, J. Chromatogr.185, 27 (1979).
R. P. W. Scott, P. Kucera, M. Munroe, J. Chromatogr.186, 475 (1979).
C. F. Reese, R. P. W. Scott, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 479 (1980).
J. L. DiCesare, M. W. Dong, L. S. Ettre, Chromatographia14, 257 (1981).
J. L. DiCesare, M. W. Dong, J. G. Atwood, J. Chromatogr.217, 369 (1981).
M. W. Dong, J. L. DiCesare, J. Chromatogr. Sci.20, 49 (1982).
J. L. DiCesare, M. W. Dong, L. S. Ettre, Introduction to High-Speed Liquid Chromatography, Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, Conn., 1981.
M. N. Myers, J. C. Giddings, Separation Sci.1, 761 (1966).
L. McLaren, M. N. Myers, J. C. Giddings, Science159, 197 (1968).
J. C. Giddings, M. N. Myers, L. McLaren, R. A. Keller, Science162, 67 (1968).
S. T. Sie, G. W. A. Rijnders, Separation Sci.1, 459 (1966).
S. T. Sie, G. W. A. Rijnders, Separation Sci.2, 729, 755 (1967).
M. Novotny, S. R. Springstong, P. A. Peaden, J. C. Fjeldsted, M. L. Lee, Anal. Chem.53, 407A (1981).
S. R. Springston, M. Novotny, 33rd Pittsburgh Conf. Anal. Chemistry and Appl. Spectroscopy, March 8–13, 1982, Atlantic City, NJ: paper no. 679.
P. A. Peaden, J. C. Fjeldsted, M. L. Lee, 33rd Pittsburgh Conf. Anal. Chemistry and Appl. Spectroscopy, March 8–13, 1982, Atlantic City, NJ; paper no. 680.
C. P. M. Schutjes, Z. A. Vermeer, V. A. Rijks, C. A. Cramers, in: Capillary Chromatography (1981 Hindelang Symposium) (R. E. Kaiser, ed.), Inst. of Chromatography, Bad Dürkheim, 1981, pp. 687–702.
J. E. Purcell, R. P. W. Scott, 33rd Pittsburgh Conf. Anal. Chemistry and Appl. Spectroscopy, March 8–13, 1982, Atlantic City, NJ; paper no. 642.
J. E. Purcell, Chromatographia15, 546 (1982).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Plenary lecture at the 14th International Symposium on Chromatography, London, September 13–17, 1982.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ettre, L.S. Capillary columns-from London to London in 25 years. Chromatographia 16, 18–25 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02258863
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02258863