Abstract
Some criticize computer use because computers — by their nature mechanistic and algorithmic — support only uncreative thinking and production. However, adults increasingly view computers as valuable tools of creative production. Educational research indicates that there is no single “effect” of the computer on creativity; technology can support either uncreative drill or creative production. Research also provides strong evidence that certain computer environments, such as Logo, word processing, and design tools, hold the potential for the computer's facilitation of creativity. There is equally strong evidence that the curriculum in which computer programs are embedded and the teacher who chooses, uses, and infuses these programs, are essential elements in realizing the full potential of technology.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamson, E., and Helgoe, C. (1993). Exploring art and technology. In Schuyten, G., and Valcke, M. (eds.),Teaching and Learning in Logo-Based Environment, IOS, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 58–69.
Alexander, D. (1984). Mathematical, geometric and spatial reasoning. In Pitcher, E. G., Feinburg, S. G., and Alexander, D. (eds.),Helping Young Children Learn (4th Ed.), Charles E. Merrill, Columbus, OH, pp. 185–207.
Bangert-Drowns, R. L. (March 1989). Research on Word Processing and Writing Instruction. Paper presented at the Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.
Bangert-Drowns, R. L. (1993). The word processor as an instructional tool: A metaanalysis of word processing in writing instruction.Rev. Educ. Res. 63(1): 69–93.
Barfurth, M. A., and van Gelder, S. (1993) Drawbridges and window washers: Children's investigations of mechanical advantage with Lego/Logo. In Estes, N. and Thomas, M. (eds.),Rethinking the Roles of Technology in Education, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, pp. 423–425.
Bontá, P., and Silverman, B. (1993). Making learning entertaining. In Estes, N. and Thomas, M. (eds.),Rethinking the Roles of Technology in Education, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, pp. 1150–1152.
Brisk, M. E. (1985). Using the computer to develop literacy.Equity Choice 1(3): 25–32.
Brown, R. T. (1989). Creativity: What are we to measure? In Glover, J. A., Ronning, R. R., and Reynolds, C. R. (eds.),Handbook of Creativity, London, New York, pp. 3–32.
Campione, J. C., Brown, A. L., and Jay, M. (1992). Computers in a community of learners. In De Corte, E., Linn, M. C., Mandl, H., and Verschaffel, L. (eds.),Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp. 163–188.
Carey, L. J., and Flower, L. (1989). Foundations for creativity in the writing process. In Glover, J. A., Ronning, R. R., and Reynolds, C. R. (eds.),Handbook of Creativity, London, New York, pp. 283–303.
Carmichael, H. W., Burnett, J. D., Higginson, W. C., Moore, B. G., and Pollard, P. J. (1985).Computers, Children and Classrooms: A Multisite Evaluation of the Creative Use of Microcomputers by Elementary School Children, Ministry of Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Carver, S. M., Lehrer, R., Connell, T., and Erickson, J. (1992). Learning by hypermedia design Issues of assessment and implementation.Educ. Psychol. 27: 385–404.
Chesson, D., McBride, B., and Cartwright, C. (1992). Toward creativity: Educating the college student in computer programming.J. Res. Comput. Educ. 25(2): 265–273.
Clarkson, A. E., and Pegley, K. (1991) An Assessment of a Technology in Music Programme Technical Report 91-2, Centre for the Study of Computers in Education, ERIC Documen Reproduction Service No. ED 341 364, North York, Ontario, Canada.
Clements, D. H. (1986). Effects of Logo and CAI environments on cognition and creativity.J. Educ. Psychol. 78: 309–318.
Clements, D. H. (1987a): Computers and literacy. In Vacca, J. L., Vacca, R. T., and Govi, M. (eds.),Reading and Learning to Read, Little, Brown, Boston, pp. 338–372.
Clements, D. H. (1987b). Computers and young children: A review of the research.Youth Child, 43(1): 34–44.
Clements, D. H. (1990). Metacomponential development in a Logo programmir environment.J. Educ. Psychol. 82: 141–149.
Clements, D. H. (1991). Enhancement of creativity in computer environments.Am. Educ. Res. J. 28: 173–187.
Clements, D. H., and Gullo, D. F. (1984). Effects of computer programming on you children's cognition.J. Educ. Psychol. 76: 1051–1058.
Clements, D. H., and Meredith, J. S. (1993a). Research on Logo: Effects and efficacy.Comput. Childhood Educ., 4: 263–290.
Clements, D. H., and Meredith, J. S. (1993b). My turn: A talk with the Logo turtle.Arithmetic Teacher. 41: 189–191.
Clements, D. H., & Meredith, J. S. (1994).Turle Math.TM Logo Computer Systems, Inc. (LCSI), Montreal, Quebec.
Clements, D. H., and Merriman, S. L. (1988). Componential developments in Logo programming environments. In Mayer, R. (ed.),Teaching and Learning Computer Programming: Multiple Research Perspectives, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 13–54.
Clements, D. H., and Nastasi, B. K. (1985). Effects of computer environments on social-emotional development: Logo and computer-assisted instruction.Comp. Schools 2(2–3): 11–31.
Clements, D. H., and Nastasi, B. K. (1988). Social and cognitive interactions in educational computer environments.Am. Educ. Res. I. 25: 87–106.
Clements, D. H., and Nastasi, B. K. (1992). Computers and early childhood education. In Gettinger, M., Elliott, S. N., and Kratochwill, T. R. (eds.),Advances in School Psychology: Preschool and Early Childhood Treatment Directions, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, p. 187.
Cochran-Smith, M., Kahn, J., and Paris, C. L. (1988). When word processors come into the classroom. In Hoot, J. L., and Silvern, S. B. (eds.),Writing with Computers in the Early Grades, Teachers College Press, New York, pp. 43–74.
Cuffaro, H. K. (1984). Microcomputers in education: Why is earlier better?Teachers Coll. Rec. 85: 559–568.
Daiute, C. (1988). The early development of writing abilities: Two theoretical perspectives. In Hoot, J. L., and Silvern, S. B. (eds.),Writing with Computers in the Early Grades, Teachers College Press, New York, pp. 10–22.
Davis, R. B. (1984)Learning Mathematics: The Cognitive Science Approach to Mathematics Education, Ablex, Norwood, NJ.
Dawson, A. J., and Bell, D. (February 1991). LEGO TC Logo: A study of children's learning.Logo Exchange 20–24.
Fisher, C. W. (1990/91). Some influences of classroom computers on academic tasks.J. Comput. Childhood Educ. 2: 3–15.
Gardner, H., and Winner, E. (1982). First intimations of artistry. In Strauss, S. (ed.),U-Shaped Behavioral Growth, Academic Press, New York, pp. 147–168.
Guddemi, M., and Mills, H. (1989). The impact of word processing and play training on literacy development.J. Comp. Childhood Educ. 1(1): 29–38.
Hancock, C., Kaput, J. J., and Goldsmith, L. T. (1992) Authentic inquiry with data: Critical barriers to classroom implementation.Educ. Psychol. 27: 337–364.
Harel, I. (1989). Software design for learning: On learning mathematics through instructional software design. In Ryan, W. C. (ed.),Proceedings of the National Educational Computing Conference, International Council on Computers for Education, Eugene, OR, pp. 72–86.
Haugland, S. W. (1992). Effects of computer software on preschool children's developmental gains.J. Comput. Childhood Educ. 3(1): 15–30.
Hawisher, G. E. (1989). Research and recommendations for computers and composition. In Hawisher, G. E., and Selfe, C. L. (eds.),Critical Perspectives on Computers and Composition Instruction, Teachers College Press, New York, pp. 44–69.
Hennessy, B. A., and Amabile, T. M. (1988). The conditions of creativity. In Sternberg, R. J. (ed.),The Nature of Creativity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 11–38.
Hlawati, B. (1985). Effects of Logo and Problem-Solving CAI on the Cognitive Processes of Gifted Children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kent State University.
Hofstadter, D. (1985).Metamagical Themas, Basic Books, New York.
Holland, S. (1989). Artificial Intelligence, Education and Music: The Use of Artificial Intelligence to Encourage and Facilitate Music Composition by Novices. Institute of Educational Technology, ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 329 452, Walton, Bletchley, Bucks, England.
Horton, J., and Ryba, K. (1986). Assessing learning with Logo: A pilot study.Comput. Teacher 14(1): 24–28.
Hoyles, C., and Noss, R. (1987). Synthesizing mathematical conceptions and their formalization through the construction of a Logo-based school mathematics curriculum.In. J. Math. Educ. Sci. Technol. 18: 581–595.
Hoyles, C., and Sutherland, R. (1989)Logo Mathematics in the Classroom, Routledge, London, England.
Huenecke, D. (1992). An artistic criticism of Writing to Read, a computer based program for beginning readers.J. Curriculum Supervision 7: 170–179.
Kafai, Y. B. (1993) Minds in Play: Computer Game Design as a Context for Children's Learning. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University.
Kull, J. A. (1988). Children learning Logo: A collaborative, qualitative study in the first grade.J. Res. Childhood Educ. 3: 55–75.
Kurth, R. J. (April 1988). Process Variables in Writing Instruction Using Word Processing, Word Processing with Voice Synthesis, and No Word Processing. Paper presented at the Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
Lehrer, R., Levin, B. B., DeHart, P., and Comeaux, M. (1987). Voice-feedback as a scaffold for writing: A comparative study.J. Educ. Comput. Res. 3: 335–353.
Mitterer, J., and Rose-Drasnor, L. (1986). LOGO and the transfer of problem solving: An empirical test.Alberta J. Educa. Res. 32: 176–194.
Nastasi, B. K., Clements, D. H., and Battista, M. T. (1990). Social-cognitive interactions, motivation, and cognitive growth in Logo programming and CAI problem-solving environments.J. Educ. Psychol. 82: 150–158.
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1989).Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics, The Council, Reston, VA.
Outhred, L. (1989) Word processing: Its impact on children's writing.J. Learning Disab. 22: 262–263.
Papert, S. (1980). Teaching children thinking; teaching children to be mathematicians vs. teaching about mathematics. In Taylor, R. (ed.),The Computer in the School: Tutor, Tool, Tutee, Teachers College Press, New York, pp. 161–196.
Papert, S., Watt, D., diSessa, A., and Weir, S. (1979).Final Report of the Brookline Logo Project. Part II: Project Summary and Data Analysis (Logo Memo No. 53). Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA.
Phenix, J., and Hannan, E. (1984). Word processing in the grade one classroom.Lang. Arts 61: 804–812.
Piazza, C. L., and Tomlinson, C. (1986). Computer writing: Linking literacies.Early Child Devel. Care 24: 169–179.
Lourde, R. R. (December 1987). The insignificance of Logo-stop “mucking around” with computers.Micro-Scope 30–31.
Reimer, G. (1985). Effects of a Logo computer programming experience on readiness for first grade, creativity, and self concept. “A pilot study in kindergarten.”AEDS Monitor 23(7–8): 8–12.
Resnick, M. (1988). LEGO, Logo, and design.Children's Environ. Quart. 5(4): 14–18.
Roblyer, M. D., Castine, W. H., and King, F. J. (1988).Assessing the Impact of Computer-Based Instruction: A Review of Recent Research, Haworth Press, New York.
Rosegrant, T. J. (1986). Using the microcomputer as a scaffold for assisting beginning readers and writers. In Hoot, J. (ed.),Computers in Early Childhood Education: Issues and Practices, Teachers College Press, New York, pp. 128–143.
Scardamalia, M., and Bereiter, C. (1992). An architecture for collaborative knowledge building. In De Corte, E., Linn, M. C., Mandl, H., and Verschaffel, L. (eds.),Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp. 41–66.
Sternberg, R. (1985).Beyond IO, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Sternberg, R. J. (1988) A three-facet model of creativity. In Sternberg, R. J. (ed.),The Nature of Creativity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 125–147.
Tan, L. E. (1985). Computers in pre-school education.Early Child Devel. Care 19: 319–336.
Torrance, E. P. (1988). The nature of creativity as manifest in its testing. In Sternberg, R. J. (ed.),The Nature of Creativity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 43–75.
Vaidya, S., and McKeeby, J. (September 1984). Computer turtle graphics: Do they affect children's thought processes?Educ. Technol. 46–47.
Weir, S. (1992). LEGO-Logo: A vehicle for learning. In Hoyles, C., and Noss, R. (eds.),Learning Mathematics and Logo, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 165–190.
Wiburg, K. M. (1987). The Effect of Different Computer-Based Learning Environments on Fourth Grade Students' Cognitive Abilities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, United States International University.
Wohlwill, J. F. (1988). Artistic imagination during the “latency period,” revealed through computer graphics. In Forman, G., and Pufall, P. B. (eds.),Constuctivism in the Computer Age, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 129–150.
Yerushalmy, M., Chazan, D., and Gordon, M. (1987).Guided Inquiry and Technology: A Year Long Study of Children and Teachers Using the Geometric Supposer: ETC Final Report, Educational Development Center, Newton, MA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Clements, D.H. Teaching creativity with computers. Educ Psychol Rev 7, 141–161 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02212491
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02212491