Summary
Selection for tolerance to NaCl inCitrus sinensis andC. aurantium has been carried out in agar and suspension cultures. Callus was subjected to culture media containing up to 0.17M NaCl for ten passages. Selected cell lines were grown for three passages on media without salt before further tests on saline media. Four stable tolerant cell lines, differing in degree of tolerance, have been selected fromC. sinensis. Four lines of similar tolerance have been selected fromC. aurantium. The stability of most lines was very satisfactory. MostC. sinensis lines grew well in media containing up to 0.2M NaCl, andC. aurantium lines in media of up to 0.15M NaCl.
Embryos were regenerated in most selected cell lines fromC. sinensis and, more sporadically, fromC. aurantium. Addition of 0.5–0.6% NaCl to the media often enhanced embryogenesis. Embryos from a selected line ofC. sinensis showed higher tolerance to NaCl in the medium than comparable embryos from an unselected line.
Single embryos derived from both selected and unselected cell lines ofC. sinensis were successfully cloned. A limited comparison of plantlets from one tolerant line (R14) with plantlets from unselected control lines showed better adaptation of the former to salt (0.085 to 0.12M NaCl in the medium), and a lesser degree of leaf burn symptoms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ben-Hayyim G and Neumann H 1983 Stimulatory effect of glycerol on growth and somatic embryogenesis inCitrus callus cultures. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 110, 331–337.
Chaleff R S 1981 Genetics of higher plants: application of cell culture. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
Chaleff R S 1982 Considerations of developmental biology for the plant cell geneticist.In Genetic Engineering of Plants. Basic Life Sciences, Vol. 26. Eds. T Kosuge, C P Meredith and Hollaender, pp 257–270. Plenum Press, NY.
Cooper W C, Goyron B C and Edwards C 1951 Salt tolerance of various citrus rootstocks. Proc. Rio Grande Val. Hort. Inst. 5, 46–52.
Crougham T P, Stavarek S J and Rains D W 1978 Selection of NaCl tolerant line of cultured alfalfa cells. Crop Sci. 18, 959–963.
Dix P J and Street H E 1975 Sodium chloride-resistant cultured cell lines fromNicotiana sylvestris andCapsicum annuum. Plant. Sci. Lett. 5, 231–237.
Handa A K, Bressan R A, Handa S and Hasegawa P M 1982 Tolerance to water and salt stress in cultured cells.In Plant Tissue Culture. Proc. 5th Int. Con. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture (Lake Yamanaka, 1982) Ed. A Fujiwara, pp 471–474. Japan Assoc. for Plant Tissue Culture, Tokyo.
Hasegawa P M, Bressan R A and Handa A K 1980 Growth characteristics of NaCl selected and non-selected cells ofNicotiana tabacum L. Plant Cell Physiol. 21, 1347–1355.
Kochba J, Ben-Hayyim G, Spiegel-Roy P, Saad S and Neumann H 1982 Selection of stable salt-tolerant callus cell lines and embryos inCitrus sinensis andC. aurantium. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 106, 111–118.
Kochba J, Button J, Spiegel-Roy P, Bornman C H and Kochba M 1974 Stimulation of habituated ovular callus from the ‘Shamouti’ orange (Citrus sinensis) as affected by tissue age and sucrose concentration. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 73, 415–421.
Kochba J and Spiegel-Roy P 1973 Effect of culture media on embryoid formation from ovular callus of Shamouti orange (Citrus sinensis). Z. Pflanzenzucht. 69, 156–162.
Kochba J, Spiegel-Roy P, Neumann H and Saad S 1978 Stimulation of embryogenesis in citrus ovular callus by ABA, ethephon, CCC and alar and its suppression by GA3. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 89, 427–432.
Kochba J, Spiegel-Roy P, Saad S and Neumann H 1982 Carbohydrate control of somatic embryogenesis in subcultured nucellar callus of citrus cultivars. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 105, 359–365.
Kochba J, Spiegel-Roy P and Safran H 1972 Adventive plants from ovules and nucelli in Citrus. Planta 106, 237–245.
Kovda VA, Berg C and Hagan R M, Eds. 1967 Plants in relation to waterlogging and salinity. IX,In Irrigation and Drainage of Arid Lands in Relation to Salinity and Alkalinity. pp 343–391. FAO, Roma and UNESCO, Paris; Imprimerie Rolland, Paris.
Larkin P J and Scowcroft W R 1981 Somaclonal variation—a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor. Appl. Genet. 60, 197–214.
Murashige T and Skoog F 1962 A revised medium for growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497.
Murashige T and Tucker D P H 1969 Growth factor requirement of citrus culture.In Proc. First Int. Citrus Symp. 3, 1155–1161. University of California, Riverside, California.
Nabors N W, Danies A, Nadolny L and Brown C 1975 Sodium chloride tolerant lines of tobacco cells. Plant Sci. Lett. 4, 155–159.
Orton T J 1980 Comparison of salt tolerance betweenHordeum vulgare andH. jubatum in whole plants and callus cultures. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 98, 105–118.
Spiegel-Roy P and Vardi A 1984 Citrus tissue culture.In Handbook of Plant Cell Culture Vol. 3. Eds. P V Ammirato, D A Evans, W R Sharp and Y Yamada. Macmillan, New York. pp 355–372.
Templeton-Somors K M, Sharp W R and Fister R M 1981 Selection of cold resistant cell lines of carrots. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 103, 139–148.
Watad A E A, Reinhold L and Lerner H R 1983 Comparison between a stable NaCl-selected Nicotiana cell line and the wild type. K+, Na+ and proline pools as a function of salinity. Plant Physiol. 73, 624–629.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Contribution No. 1045-E, 1984 series.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Spiegel-Roy, P., Ben-Hayyim, G. Selection and breeding for salinity tolerancein vitro . Plant Soil 89, 243–252 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02182245
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02182245