Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a clinical problem in survivors of neonatal intensive care despite recent advances which include surfactant replacement. Oxygen toxicity may well be a component in the pathogenesis of BPD and disturbance of the oxidantantioxidant balance constitutes a biochemical problem which should be addressed in the management of preterm babies. Preterm babies appear to have inadequate antioxidant potential and yet when delivered may experience considerable oxidant stress. This imbalance may be ameliorated by antenatal steroid therapy which augments pulmonary antioxidants as well as surfactant production. Augmentation of antioxidants by administration of exogenous enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase is possible in animal models but the clinical use of such therapies awaits further research.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BPD :
-
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- SOD :
-
superoxide dismutase
References
Autor AP, Frank L, Roberts RJ (1976) Developmental characteristics of pulmonary superoxide dismutase: relationship to idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Res 10: 154–158
Beckman JS, Minor RL, White CW, Repine J, Rosen M, Freeman B (1988) Superoxide and catalase conjugated to polyethylene glycol increases endothelial enzyme activity and oxidant resistance. J Biol Chem 263: 6884–6892
Burton AW, Ingold KU (1981) Autoxidation of biological membranes. The antioxidant activity of Vitamin E and related chain breaking phenolic antioxidants in vitro. J Am Chem Soc 103: 6472
Crowley P, Chalmers I, Kierse MJNC (1990) The effects of corticosteroid administration before preterm delivery: an overview of the evidence from controlled trials. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 97: 11–25
Ehrenkranz RA (1980) Vitamin E and the neonate. Am J Dis Child 134: 1157–1166
Ehrenkranz RA, Mercurio MR (1992) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In: Sinclair JC, Bracken MB (eds) Effective care of the newborn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 399–422
Ehrenkranz RA, Bonta BW, Ablow RC, Warshaw JB (1978) Amelioration of bronchopulmonary dysplasia after vitamin E administration. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med 299: 564–569
Ehrenkranz RA, Ablow RC, Warshaw JB (1979) Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia with vitamin E administration during the acute stages of respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatr 95: 873–878
Farrel PM (1977) Fetal lung development and the influence of glucocorticoids on pulmonary surfactant. J Steroid Biochem. 8: 463
Frank L (1985) Effects of oxygen on the newborn. Fed Proc 44: 2328–2334
Frank L (1992) Antioxidants, nutrition and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clin Perinatol 19: 541–562
Frank L, Groseclose EE (1984) Preparation for birth into an O2-rich environment:the antioxidant enzymes in the developing rabbit lung. Pediatr Res 18: 240–244
Frank L, Sosenko IRS (1987) Prenatal development of lung antioxidant enzymes in 4 species. J Pediatr 110: 106–110
Frank L, Sosenko IRS (1991) Failure of premature rabbits to increase antioxidant enzymes during hyperoxic exposure: Increased susceptibility to pulmonary oxygen toxicity compared to term rabbits. Pediatr Res 29: 292–296
Frank L, Lewis PL, Sosenko IRS (1985) Dexamethasone stimulation of fetal rat lung antioxidant enzyme activity in parallel with surfactant stimulation. Pediatrics 75: 569–574
Freeman BA, Young SL, Crapo JD (1983) Liposome-mediated augmentation of superoxide in endothelial cells prevents oxygen injury. J Biol Chem 258: 12534–12542
Fridovich I, Freeman B (1986) Antioxidant defences in the lung. Ann Rev Physiol 48: 693–702
Gerdin E, Tyden O, Ericksson UJ (1985) The development of antioxidant enzymatic defence in the perinatal rat lung: activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. Pediatr Res 19: 687–691
Greenough A, Roberton NRC (1985) Morbidity and mortality in neonates ventilated for the respiratory distress syndrome. BMJ 290: 597–600
Grigg J, Arnon S, Chase A, Silverman M (1993) Inflammatory cells in the lungs of premature infants on the first day of life: perinatal risk factors and the origin of cells. Arch Dis Child 69: 40–43
Halliwell RA, Laria I, Tabrizi A, Carlin G, Getzoff ED, Tainer JA, Cousens LS, Mullenbach GT (1989) Genetically engineered polymers of human CuZn superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem 264: 5260–5268
Inoue M, Ebashi I, Watanabe N, Morino Y (1989) Synthesis of a superoxide dismutase derivative that circulates bound to albumin and accumulates in tissue whose pH is decreased. Biochemistry 28: 6619–6624
Inoue M, Watanabe N, Matsuno K, Sasaki K, Tanaka Y, Hatanaka H, Amachi T (1991) Expression of a hybrid Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase which has high affinity for heparin-like proteoglycans on vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 266: 16409–16414
Jenkinson SG, Roberts RJ, DeLemos RA, Lawrence RA, Coalson JJ, King RJ, Null DM, Gerstmann DR (1991) Allopurinol-induced effects in premature baboons with respiratory distress syndrome. J Appl Physiol 70(3): 1160–1167
Kelly FJ, Safavi M, Cheeseman KH (1992) Tissue a-tocopherol status during late fetal and early neonatal life of the guinea-pig. Br J Nutr 67: 457–462
Mason KE, Horwitt MK (1972) Tocopherols. X. Effects of deficiency in animals. In: Sebrell WH jr, Harris RS (eds) The vitamins: chemistry, physiology, pathology methods, 2nd edn. Academic, New York, pp 272–292
Merritt TA, Cochrane CG, Holcomb K, Bohl B, Hallman M, Strayer D, Edwards III DK, Gluck L (1983) Elastase and a1-protease inhibitor activity in tracheal aspirates during respiratory distress syndrome. Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Clin Invest 72: 656–666
Moorhouse PC, Grootveld M, Halliwell B, Quinlan JG, Gutteridge JMC (1987) Allopurinol and oxypurinol are hydroxyl radical scavengers. FEBS Lett 213:23–28
Moyer WT (1950) Vitamin E levels in term and preterm newborn infants. Pediatrics 6:893–896
Ogden BE, Murphy SA, Saunders GC, Pathak D, Johnson JD (1984) Neonatal lung neutrophils and elastase/proteinase inhibitor imbalance. Am Rev Respir Dis 130:817–821
Rodriguez MP, Sosenko IRS, Antigua MC, Frank L (1991) Prenatal hormone treatment with thyrotropin releasing hormone and with thyrotropin releasing hormone plus dexamethasone delays antioxidant enzyme maturation but does not inhibit a protective antioxidant enzyme response to hyperoxia in newborn rat lung. Pediatr Res 30:522–527
Rosenfield W, Evans H, Conception L, Jhaveri R, Schaeffer H, Friedman A (1984) Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia by administration of bovine superoxide dismutase in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatr 105:781–785
Rosenfield W, Concepcion L, Evans H Jhaveri R, Sahdev S, Zabaleta I (1986) Serial trypsin inhibitory capacity and ceruloplasmin levels in prematures at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am Rev Respir Dis 134:1229–1232
Saldanha RL, Cepeda EE, Poland RL (1982) The effect of vitamin E prophylaxis on the incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia J Pediatr 101:89–93
Sanderud J, Norstein J, Saugstad OD (1991) Reactive oxygen metabolites produce pulmonary vasoconstriction in young pigs. Pediatr Res 29:543–547
Saugstad OD, Hallman M, Epstein B, Cochrane C, Gluck L (1984) Hypoxanthine and oxygen induced lung injury: a possible basic mechanism of tissue damage? Pediatr Res 18:501–504
Saugstad OD, Tubman TR, Gloppestad K, Halliday HL, Oyasaeter S, Curstedt T, Robertson B (1992) Raised plasma hypoxanthine levels as a prognostic sign in preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome treated with respiratory surfactant. J Perinat Med 20(5):379–385
Schwalwijk J, Gerg WB van den, Putte L van de, Joosten LAB, Den Bersselaar L van (1985) Cationization of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. J Clin Invest 76:198–205
The OSIRIS Collaborative Group (1992) Early versus delayed neonatal administration of a synthetic surfactant — the judgement of OSIRIS. Lancet 340:1363–1369
Toppel AL (1962) Vitamin E as the biological lipid antioxidant. Vit Horm 20:493–510
Turrens JF, Crapo JD, Freeman BA (1984) Protection against oxygen toxicity by intravenous injection of liposome-entrapped catalase and superoxide dismutase. J Clin Invest 73:87–95
Yam J, Frank L, Roberts RJ (1978) Oxygen toxicity: comparison of lung biochemical response in neonatal and adult rats. Pediatr Res 12:115–119
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Russell, G.A.B. Antioxidants and neonatal lung disease. Eur J Pediatr 153 (Suppl 2), S36–S41 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02179672
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02179672