Summary
In previous years the composition and function of chromosomes have been analyzed to a considerable extent, in contrast to the small number of investigations that have been made on nucleoli. There exist at present many conflicting opinions about the structure and function of the nucleolus, and therefore a critical survey of the facts and theories about the nucleolar substance appears necessary.
The structure, chemical composition and metabolism of the nucleoli of various cells are described in this publication. The regulation of the size and function of the nucleolus is also discussed.
It is concluded that the size and structure of the nucleolus is organ- and species-specific. A rapid synthesis of RNA and proteins occurs in the nucleolus. After a short interval, this disappears; and it is therefore concluded that the nucleolus must have a high turnover of these substances. The size and function of the nucleoli depends on the energy state of the cytoplasm.
It appears that the nucleolus can synthesize proteins which can be utilized by the chromosomes during their genetic function.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V. Haecker, Arch. mikr. Anat.42 (1893).
E. Robertis, W. Nowinski, undF. Saez, General Cytology (Saunders Comp. London, 1954).
K. Konopka undH. Ziegenspeck, Protoplasma7, 62 (1929).
Ch. Postelmann undH. Ziegenspeck, Protoplasma11, 298 (1930).
B. Wilson,The Cell in Development and Heredity (New York, 1925).
T. Goda, Fac. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 4,2, 178 (1951).
L. Sharp,Einführung in die Zytologie (Borntraeger, Berlin 1931).
H. Altmann, Z. Naturf.4b, 138 (1949).
T. Caspersson,Cell Growth and Function (Norton, New York 1950).
A. Pollister undC. Leuchtenberger, Nature163, 360 (1949).
H. Stich undJ. Hämmerling, Z. Naturf.8b, 329 (1953).
J. Hämmerling, Arch. Protistenk.97, 7 (1944).
E. Küster,Die Pflanzenzelle (Fischer, Jena (1951).
H. Stich, Z. Naturf.6b, 319 (1951).
H. Altmann, Naturwissenschaften6, 138 (1952).
W. Bernhard, F. Haguenau, A. Gautier undCh. Oberling, Z. Zellf.37, 281 (1952).
C. Estable undJ. Sotelo, Stain Techn.27, 307 (1952).
M. Gersch, Z. Zellf.30, 483 (1940).
S. Vincent, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.38, 139 (1952).
H. Callan undS. Tomlin, Proc. Roy. Soc. [B]137, 367 (1950).
H. Bauer, Z. Zellf.18, 254 (1933).
A. Pollister undC. Leuchtenberger, Nature163, 360 (1949).
Zum Beispiel:E. Krugelis, Biol. Bull.93, 215 (1947).
Ch. Landschütz, Exper.6, 232 (1950).
M. Ross undJ. Ely, Exp. Cell Res.2, 339 (1951).
M. de Nicola, Micr. Sci.90, 391 (1949).
J. Serra undA. Queiroz-Lopes, Chromosoma2, 576 (1944).
H. Swift, Rev. Cytology2, 1 (1953).
E. Heitz, Planta12, 775 (1931);15, 495 (1931).
B. McClintock, Z. Zellf.21, 284 (1934).
P. Buchner, Arch. mikr. Anat.91, 1 (1918).
E. Wolf,Moderne Biologie, Festschr.Nachtsheim (Berlin, 1950).
H. Bauer, Zool. Jb.56, 239 (1936).
J. Schulz, Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol.12, (1949).
E. Heitz, Planta12, 775 (1931).
W. Beermann, Z. Naturforschg.7, 237 (1952).
E. Heitz, Planta15, 495 (1931).
N. Borsook, C. Deasy, A. Haagen-Smith, G. Keighley undP. Lowy, J. Biol. Chem.184, 529 (1952).
P. Siekevitz, J. Biol. Chem.195, 549 (1952).
J. Holtfreter, Cop. Cell. Research7, 95 (1954).
Zum Beispiel:J. Davidson,The Biochemistry of Nucleic Acid (Methuen's Monogr., London 1951).
T. Caspersson, Naturwissenschaften29, 33 (1941).
Zum Beispiel:S. Smellie,The Nucleic Acids II (Acad. Press, New York 1955), S. 393.
H. Stich undJ. Hämmerling, Z. Naturf.8b, 329 (1953).
A. Ficq, Exper.9, 377 (1953).
F. Schrader undC. Leuchtenberger, Exp. Cell. Res.1, 421 (1950).
F. Haurowitz undJ. Crampton, Exp. Cell. Res. [Suppl.]2, 45 (1952).
J. Brachet,Nucleic Acids II (Acad. Press, New York 1955), S. 476.
F. Vanderhaeghe undD. Szafarz, Arch. Intern. Physiol. Biochim.63, 267 (1955).
O. Lindberg undL. Ernster, Protoplasmatologia3A, 4 (1954).
K. Lang undG. Siebert,Der Stoffwechsel, Bd.1 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1954), S. 1064.
H. Stich, Z. Naturf.6b, 319 (1951); Chromosoma (1955) (in press).
H. Stich, Z. Naturf.8b, 36 (1953).
J. Hämmerling, Rapp. Comm. 8me Congr. intern. Bot., Paris 1954 (im Druck).
J. Hämmerling, Naturwissenschaften33, 337 und 361 (1946); Rev. Cytology2, 475 (1953).
J. Brachet,The Nucleic Acids II (Acad. Press, New York 1955), S. 476.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stich, H. Bau und Funktion der Nukleolen. Experientia 12, 7–14 (1956). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02156979
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02156979