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Thermodynamic, kinetic and surface texture factors in the production of active solids by thermal decomposition

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Abstract

The production of an active solid by thermal decomposition of some precursor material usually an oxysalt is only one way of producing such a material. The activity of any solid resides at the surface albeit some of the surface may be internal or in the decomposition process a reaction interface. The peculiar property of any solid phase is that to describe it properly one must cite the pre-history of the material, and it can be shown that the pre-history of any solid phase is mainly that of altering the surface and textural properties. This fact influences the application of thermodynamic and kinetics to processes involving the solid phase. This becomes more evident in the case of active solids where a larger proportion of chemical species than usual resides at or near the surface. This is evidenced by the existence of many or more active solids in an amorphous phase and the possible co-existence of different types of solid phase. In this review, the usefulness of normal solid phase structural determination is discussed and the manner in which thermal analysis can be used to determine thermodynamic and kinetic parameters.

Zusammenfassung

Die Herstellung eines aktiven Feststoffes durch thermische Zersetzung einiger Präkursorsubstanzen, meistens eines Oxysalzes, ist nur der eine Weg zur Herstellung solcher Substanzen. Die Aktivität der Feststoffe besteht an ihrer Oberfläche, obwohl sich ein Teil der Oberfläche auch im Innern oder bei Zersetzungsprozessen an der Reaktionsgrenzfläche befinden kann. Die eigentümliche Eigenschaft einiger Feststoffphasen besteht darin, da\ man, um sie richtig beschreiben zu können, die Vorgeschichte der Substanz berücksichtigen mu\ und es kann gezeigt werden, da\ die Vorgeschichte einer Substanz hauptsächlich die der Veränderung der Oberflache und der Feinstruktur ist. Diese Tatsache beeinflu\t die Anwendung von Thermodynamik und Reaktionskinetik bei Prozessen mit Feststoffen. Dies ist besonders bei aktiven Feststoffen offensichtlich, bei denen an oder in der Nähe der Oberfläche verhältnismä\ig mehr chemische Stoffe vorkommen als üblicherweise. Dies wird durch die Existenz von vielen oder mehreren aktiven Feststoffen in einer amorphen Phase und durch die mögliche Koexistenz verschiedenartiger Festphasen bezeugt. In vorliegendem überblick wird die Nützlichkeit der Strukturbestimmung normaler Feststoffphasen sowie die Art der möglichen Anwendung der Thermoanalyse bei der Bestimmung thermodynamischer und kinetischer Parameter diskutiert.

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Dollimore, D. Thermodynamic, kinetic and surface texture factors in the production of active solids by thermal decomposition. Journal of Thermal Analysis 38, 111–130 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02109112

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