Abstract
Approximately 5% of the γ-ray transitions in fission fragments are internally converted, giving rise to X-rays. X-ray energies are characteristic of Z, but yields depend strongly and not smoothly on Z and A of the fragments and on time. If these biases can be accepted, X-rays can be used to identify the atomic number of fission fragments. More generally, internal conversion and X-ray emission must be interpreted in the context of detailed knowledge of γ-ray transitions.
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Griffin, H.C. The emission of X-rays by fission fragments. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Articles 142, 279–291 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02039468
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02039468