Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The bacterial microflora of witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var.foliosum Hegi) leaves

  • Published:
Microbial Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The bacterial flora on the heads of four different witloof chicory varieties was examined. The 590 isolates were characterized by their SDS-PAGE protein profiles; they revealed 149 different protein fingerprint types. The fluorescentPseudomonas fingerprint type CH001 was abundantly found on all heads examined. Fourteen other fingerprint types occurred in high densities more than twice. Among these, the following were identified: fluorescentPseudomonas, nonfluorescentPseudomonas sp.,Erwinia herbicola, Erwinia sp., andFlavobacterium sp. The majority of the fingerprint types (90%) was found only once. It was also our objective to isolate bacteria applicable in the biological control of chicory phytopathogens. Isolates of all fingerprint types were tested for in vitro antagonistic activity and for possible deleterious effect on plant growth. FluorescentPseudomonas andSerratia liquefaciens isolates were antagonistic against fungi. Among the 161 fluorescentPseudomonas strains, five were able to produce disease symptoms on chicory leaves upon inoculation. Comparison of the results of this study with those obtained in two previous analyses revealed that the leaf microflora showed some similarities with the bacterial flora of chicory roots. The chicory seed microflora differed from that of both leaves and roots.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aragno M, Schlegel HG (1981) The hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Trüper HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG (eds) The prokaryotes. A handbook on habitats, isolation, and identification of bacteria. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 865–893

    Google Scholar 

  2. Atlas RM, Bartha R (1981) Microbial ecology. Fundamentals and applications. Addison-Wesley, Reading, p 560

    Google Scholar 

  3. Austin B, Goodfellow M, Dickinson CH (1978) Numerical taxonomy of phylloplane bacteria isolated fromLolium perenne. J Gen Microbiol 10:139–155

    Google Scholar 

  4. Becker JO (1984) Isolation and characterization of antimycotic bacteria from rhizosphere soil. In: Proceedings of British Crop Protection Conference Pests and Diseases. British Crop Protection Council Publications, Croydon, England, pp 365–369

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bowen GD (1980) Misconcepts, concepts and approaches in rhizosphere biology. In: Ellwood DC, Hedger JN, Latham MJ, Lynch JM, Slater JH (eds) Contemporary microbial ecology. Academic Press, London, pp 283–304

    Google Scholar 

  6. Boylen CW (1973) Survival ofArthrobacter crystallopoietes during prolonged period of extreme desiccation. J Bacteriol 133:33–37

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chacravarti BP, Leben C, Daft GC (1972) Numbers and antagonistic properties of bacteria from buds of field-grown soybean plants. Can J Microbiol 18:696–698

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen M, Alexander M (1973) Survival of soil bacteria during prolonged desiccation. Soil Biol Biochem 5:213–221

    Google Scholar 

  9. Clark FE, Paul EA (1970) The microflora of grassland. Adv Agron 22:375–435

    Google Scholar 

  10. Crosse JE (1959) Bacterial canker of stone-fruits. IV. Investigations of a method for measuring the inoculum potential of cherry trees. Ann Appl Biol 47:306–317

    Google Scholar 

  11. Curl EA, Truelove B (1986) In: Brommer DRF, Sabey BR, Thomas GW, Vaadia Y, Van Vleck LD (eds) The rhizosphere. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  12. Davies DH, Stanier RY, Doudoroff M (1970) Taxonomic studies on some gram-negative polarly flagellated “hydrogen bacteria” and related species. Arch Mikrobiol 70:1–13

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Dickinson CH (1982) The phylloplane and other aerial plant surfaces. In: Burns RG, Slater JH (eds) Experimental microbial ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, pp 412–430

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ercolani GL (1978)Pseudomonas savastanoi and other bacteria colonizing the surface of olive leaves in the field. J Gen Microbiol 109:245–257

    Google Scholar 

  15. Goodfellow M, Austin B, Dickinson CH (1976) Numerical taxonomy of some yellow-pigmented bacteria isolated from plants. J Gen Microbiol 97:219–233

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Grimont PDA, Grimont F (1981) The genusSerratia. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Trüper HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG. The prokaryotes. A handbook on habitats, isolation and identification of bacteria. Springer Verlag, New York, pp 1187–1203

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hugh R, Leifson E (1953) The taxonomic signification of fermentative versus oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates by various gram-negative bacteria. J Bacteriol 66:24

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Jackman PHJ (1985) Bacterial taxonomy based on electrophoretic whole cell protein patterns. In: Goodfellow M, Minnikin DE (eds) Chemical methods in bacterial systematics. Academic Press, London, pp 115–130

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kawamoto SO, Lorbeer JW (1972) Multiplication ofPseudomonas cepacia on onion leaves. Phytopathology 62:1263–1265

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kersters K, De Ley J (1980) Classification and identification of bacteria by electrophoresis of their proteins. In: Goodfellow M, Board RG (eds) Microbiological classification and identification. Academic Press, London, pp 273–297

    Google Scholar 

  21. King EO, Ward WK, Raney DE (1954) Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescein. J Lab Clin Med 44:301–307

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kremer RJ (1987) Identity and properties of bacteria inhabiting seeds of selected broadleaf weed species. Microb Ecol 14:29–37

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lambert B, Leyns F, Van Rooyen L, Gosselé F, Papon Y, Swings J (1987) Rhizobacteria of maize and their antifungal activities. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:1866–1871

    Google Scholar 

  24. Last FT (1955) Seasonal incidence ofSporobolomyces on cereal leaves. Trans Br Mycol Soc 38:221–239

    Google Scholar 

  25. Last FT, Deighton FC (1965) The non-parasitic microflora on the surface of living leaves. Trans Br Mycol Soc 48:83–99

    Google Scholar 

  26. Leben C (1965) Epiphytic microorganisms in relation to plant disease. Ann Rev Phytopathol 3:209–230

    Google Scholar 

  27. Leben C (1971) The bud in relation to the epiphytic microflora. In: Preece TF, Dickinson CH (eds) Ecology of leaf surface microorganisms. Academic Press, London, pp 117–124

    Google Scholar 

  28. Leisinger T, Margraff R (1979) Secondary metabolites of fluorescent pseudomonads. Microbiol Rev 43:422–442

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. McFaddin JF (1981) Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ruinen J (1956) Occurrence ofBeijerinckia species in the phyllosphere. Nature 177:220–221

    Google Scholar 

  31. Schaeffer AB, Fulton M (1933) A simplified method of staining endospores. Science 77:194

    Google Scholar 

  32. Smith PB, Tomfohrde KM, Rhoden DL, Balows A (1972) API system: A multitube micro-method for identification ofEnterobacteriaceae. Appl Microbiol 24:449–452

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Starr MP (1981) The genusErwinia. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Trüper HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG (eds) The prokaryotes. A handbook on habitats, isolation and identification of bacteria. Springer Verlag, New York, pp 1260–1271

    Google Scholar 

  34. Van den Mooter M, Maraite H, Meiresonne L, Swings J, Gillis M, Kersters K, De Ley J (1987) Comparison betweenXanthomonas campestris pv.manihotis ISPP list 1980 andX. campestris pv.cassavae ISPP list 1980 by means of phenotypic, protein electrophoretic, DNA hybridization and phytopathological techniques. J Gen Microbiol 133:57–71

    Google Scholar 

  35. Van Outryve MF, Gosselé V, Gosselé F, Swings J (1988) The composition of the microflora of witloof chicory seeds. Microb Ecol 16:339–348

    Google Scholar 

  36. Van Outryve MF, Gosselé F, Joos H, Swings J (1989) FluorescentPseudomonas spp. isolates pathogenic on witloof chicory leaves. J Phytopathol

  37. Van Outryve MF, Gosselé F, Kersters K, Swings J (1988) The composition of the rhizosphere of chicoryCichorium intybus L. var.foliosum. Hegi. Can J Microbiol 34:1203–1208

    Google Scholar 

  38. Vera Cruz CM, Gosselé F, Kersters K, Segers P, Van den Mooter M, Swings J, De Ley J (1984) Differentiation betweenXanthomonas campestris pv.otyzae, Xanthomonas campestris pv.oryzicola and the bacterial ‘brown blotch’ pathogen on rice by numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electrophoregrams. J Gen Microbiol 130:2983–2999

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Verdonck L, Mergaert J, Rijckaert C, Swings J, Kersters K, De Ley J (1987) GenusErwinia: Numerical analysis of phenotypic features. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:4–18

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. M. F. Van Outryve

    Present address: IRRI Plant Pathology Department, P.O. Box 933, 1099, Manila, Philippines

  2. F. Gosselé

    Present address: Smith Kline-RIT, Rue de l'Institut, B-1330, Rixensart, Belgium

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Genetic Systems, Plateaustraat 22, B-9000, Gent, Belgium

    M. F. Van Outryve, F. Gosselé & J. Swings

Authors
  1. M. F. Van Outryve
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F. Gosselé
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Swings
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Van Outryve, M.F., Gosselé, F. & Swings, J. The bacterial microflora of witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var.foliosum Hegi) leaves. Microb Ecol 18, 175–186 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02030125

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02030125

Keywords

Search

Navigation