Summary
Quantitative electron microprobe analysis was employed to compare the effects of aldosterone and ADH on the intracellular electrolyte concentrations in the toad urinary bladder epithelium. The measurements were performed on thin freeze-dried cryosections utilizing energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis. After aldosterone, a statistically significant increase in the intracellular Na concentration was detectable in 8 out of 9 experiments. The mean Na concentration of granular cells increased from 8.9±1.3 to 13.2±2.2 mmol/kg wet wt. A significantly larger Na increase was observed after an equivalent stimulation of transepithelial Na transport by ADH. On average, the Na concentration in granular cells increased from 12.0±2.3 to 31.4±9.3 mmol/kg wet wt (5 experiments). We conclude from these results that aldosterone, in addition to its stimulatory effect on the apical Na influx, also exerts a stimulatory effect on the Na pump. Based on a significant reduction in the Cl concentration of granular cells, we discuss the possibility that the stimulation of the pump is mediated by an aldosterone-induced alkalinization.
Similar though less pronounced concentration changes were observed in basal cells, suggesting that this cell type also participates in transepithelial Na transport. Measurements in mitochondria-rich cells provided no consistent results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bauer, R., Rick, R. 1978. Computer analysis of X-ray spectra (EDS) from thin biological specimens.X-Ray Spectrom. 7:63–69
Beck, F.-X., Dörge, A., Rick, R., Schramm, M., Thurau, K. 1982. Intracellular element concentrations of renal tubular cells during acute metabolic alkalosis.Pfluegers Arch. 394:R23
Crabbé, J., De Weer, P. 1969. Relevance of sodium transport pool measurements in toad bladder tissue for the elucidation of the mechanism whereby hormones stimulate active sodium transport.Pfluegers Arch. 313:197–221
Dörge, A., Rick, R., Gehring, K., Thurau, K. 1978. Preparation of freeze-dried cryosections for quantitative X-ray microanalysis of electrolytes in biological soft tissues.Pfluegers Arch. 373:85–97
Doucet, A., Katz, A. 1981. Short-term effect of aldosterone on Na-K-ATPase in single nephron segments.Am. J. Physiol. 241:F273-F278
Eaton, D.C. 1981. Intracellular sodium ion activity and sodium transport in rabbit urinary bladder.J. Physiol. (London) 316:527–544
Eaton, D.C., Hamilton, K.L., Johnson, K.E. 1984. Intracellular acidosis blocks the basolateral Na−K pump in rabbit urinary bladder.Am. J. Physiol. 247:F946-F954
Edelman, I.S., Bogoroch, R., Porter, G.A. 1963. On the mechanism of action of aldosterone on sodium transport: The role of protein synthesis.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 50:1169–1177
Fanestil, D.D., Park, C.S. 1981. Steroid hormones and the kidney.Annu. Rev. Physiol. 43:637–649
Frizzell, R.A., Schultz, S.G. 1978. Effect of aldosterone on ion transport by rabbit colonin vitro.J. Membrane Biol. 39:1–26
Garty, H. 1986. Mechanisms of aldosterone action in tight epithelia.J. Membrane Biol. 90:193–205
Garty, H., Civan, E.D., Civan, M.M. 1985. Effects of internal and external pH on amiloride-blockable Na+ transport across toad urinary bladder vesicles.J. Membrane Biol. 87:67–75
Garty, H., Edelman, I.S., Lindemann, B. 1983. Metabolic regulation of apical sodium permeability in toad urinary bladder in the presence and absence of aldosterone.J. Membrane Biol. 74:15–24
Geering, K., Girardet, M., Bron, C., Kraehenbühl, J.P., Rossier, B.C. 1982. Hormonal regulation of (Na+, K+)-ATPase biosynthesis in the toad bladder. Effect of aldosterone and 3,5,3′-triiodo-1-thyronine.J. Biol. Chem. 257:10338–10343
Halm, D.R., Dawson, D.C. 1985. Aldosterone does not stimulate the Na∶K pump in isolated turtle colon.Pfluegers Arch. 403:236–239
Handler, J.S., Preston, A.S., Orloff, J. 1969. Effect of the adrenal steroid hormones on the response of the toad's urinary bladder to vasopressin.J. Clin. Invest. 48:823–833
Handler, J.S., Preston, A.S., Orloff, J. 1972. Effect of ADH, aldosterone, ouabain and amiloride on toad bladder epithelial cells.Am. J. Physiol. 222:1071–1074
Kirsten, E., Kirsten, R., Leaf, A., Sharp, G.W.G. 1968. Increased activity of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in response to aldosterone in the toad bladder.Pfluegers Arch. 300:213–225
Lewis, S.A., Eaton, D.C., Diamond, J.M. 1976. The mechanism of Na+ transport by rabbit urinary bladder.J. Membrane Biol. 28:41–70
Lewis, S.A., Wills, N.K. 1983. Apical membrane permeability and kinetic properties of the sodium pump in rabbit urinary bladder.J. Physiol. (London) 341:169–184
Li, J.H.-Y., Palmer, L.G., Edelman, I.S., Lindemann, B. 1982. The role of sodium-channel density in the natriferic response of the toad urinary bladder to an antidiuretic hormone.J. Membrane Biol. 64:77–89
Lipton, P., Edelman, I.S. 1971. Effects of aldosterone and vasopressin on electrolytes of toad bladder epithelial cells.Am. J. Physiol. 221:733–741
Mandel, L.J. 1978. Effects of pH, Ca, ADH and theophylline on kinetics of Na entry in frog skin.Am. J. Physiol. 235:C35-C48
Nagel, W., Crabbé, J. 1980. Mechanism of action of aldosterone on active sodium transport across toad skin.Pfluegers Arch. 385:181–187
Oberleithner, H., Weigt, M., Westphale, H.-J., Wang, W. 1987. Aldosterone activates Na+/H+ exchange and raises cytoplasmatic pH in target cells of the amphibian kidney.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:1464–1468
Palmer, L.G. 1985. Modulation of apical Na permeability of the toad urinary bladder by intracellular Na, Ca, and H.J. Membrane Biol. 83:57–69
Palmer, L.G., Li, J.H.-Y., Lindemann, B., Edelman, I.S. 1982. Aldosterone control of the density of sodium channels in the toad urinary bladder.J. Membrane Biol. 64:91–102
Petty, K., Kokko, J., Marver, D. 1981. Secondary effect of aldosterone on Na∶K ATPase activity in the rabbit cortical collecting tubule.J. Clin. Invest. 68:1514–1521
Rick, R., Beck, F.X., Dörge, A., Thurau, K. 1985. Cl transport in the frog cornea: An electron microprobe analysis.J. Membrane Biol. 83:235–250
Rick, R., DiBona, D.R. 1987. Intracellular solute gradients during osmotic water flow: An electron-microprobe analysis.J. Membrane Biol. 96:85–94
Rick, R., Dörge, A., Macknight, A.D.C., Leaf, A., Thurau, K. 1978. Electron microprobe analysis of the different epithelial cells of toad urinary bladder: Electrolyte concentrations at different functional states of transepithelial sodium transport.J. Membrane Biol. 39:257–271
Rick, R., Dörge, A., Thurau, K. 1982. Quantitative analysis of electrolytes in frozen dried sections.J. Microsc. (Oxford) 125:239–247
Rick, R., Roloff, C., Dörge, A., Beck, F.X., Thurau, K. 1984. Intracellular electrolyte concentrations in the frog skin epithelium: Effect of vasopressin and dependence on the Na concentration in the bathing media.J. Membrane Biol. 78:129–145
Sharp, G., Leaf, A. 1966. Mechanism of action of aldosterone.Physiol. Rev. 46:593–633
Spancken, G., Rick, R., Dörge, A. 1985. The action of aldosterone on the sodium transport in the toad urinary bladder.Pfluegers Arch. 403:R23
Wills, N.K., Lewis, S.A. 1980. Intracellular Na+ activity as a function of Na+ transport across a tight epithelium.Biophys. J. 30:181–186
Austin, W.H., Lacombe, E., Rand, P.W., Chatterjee, M. 1963. Solubility of carbon dioxide in serum from 15 to 38 C.J. Appl. Physiol. 18:301–304
Boron, W.F., Boulpaep, E. 1983. Intracellular pH regulation in the renal proximal tubule of the salamander.J. Gen. Physiol. 81:53–94
Boron, W.F., DeWeer, P. 1976. Intracellular pH transients in squid giant axons caused by CO2, NH3 and metabolic inhibitors.J. Gen. Physiol. 67:91–112
Case, R.M., Conigrave, A.D., Favaloro, E.J., Novak, I., Thompson, C.H., Young, J.A. 1982. The role of buffer anions and protons in secretion by the rabbit mandibular salivary gland.J. Physiol. (London) 322:273–286
Cho, A.K., Curry, S.H., Jacobsen, S. 1969. Localization of basic drugs in the submaxillary gland,Biochem. Pharmacol. 18:2323–2330
Eaton, D.C., Hamilton, K.L., Johnson, K.E. 1984. Intracellular acidosis blocks the basolateral Na−K pump in rabbit urinary bladder.Am. J. Physiol. 247:F946-F954
Findlay, I., Petersen, O.H. 1985. Acetylcholine stimulates a Ca2+-dependent Cl− conductance in mouse lacrimal acinar cells.Pfluegers Arch. 403:65–68
Grinstein, S., Rothstein, A. 1986 Mechanisms of regulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger.J. Membrane Biol. 90:1–12
Hellmessen, W., Christian, A.L., Fasold, H., Schulz, I. 1985. Coupled Na+−H+ exchange in isolated acinar cells from rat exocrine pancreas.Am. J. Physiol. 249:G125-G136
Henniger, R.A., Schulte, B.A., Spicer, S.S. 1983. Immunolocalization of carbonic anhydrase isozymes in rat and mouse salivary and exorbital lacrimal glands.Anat. Rec. 207:605–614
Herzog, V., Sies, H., Miller, F. 1976. Exocytosis in secretory cells of rat lacrimal gland. Peroxidase release from lobules and isolated cells upon cholinergic stimulation.J. Cell Biol. 70:692–706
Jentsch, T.J., Keller, S.K., Koch, M., Wiederholt, M. 1984. Evidence for coupled transport of bicarbonate and sodium in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells.J. Membrane Biol. 81:189–204
Marty, A., Tan, Y.P., Trautmann, A. 1984. Three types of calcium-dependent channel in rat lacrimal glands.J. Physiol. (London) 357:293–325
Murakami, M., Imai, Y., Seo, Y., Morimoto, T., Shiga, K., Watari, H. 1983. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance of perfused salivary gland.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 762:19–24
Novak, I., Young, J.A. 1986. Two independent anion transport systems in rabbit mandibular salivary glands.Pfluegers Arch. 407:649–656
Parod, R.J., Putney, J.W., Jr. 1980. Stimulus-permeability coupling in rat lacrimal gland.Am. J. Physiol. 239:G106-G113
Pirani, D., Evans, L.A.R., Cook, D.I., Young, J.A. 1987. Intracellular pH in the rat mandibular salivary gland: The role of Na−H and Cl−HCO3 antiports in secretion.Pfluegers Arch. 408:178–184
Putney, J.W., Jr., Borzelleca, J.F. 1971a. On the mechanisms of14C-salicylic acid distribution in rat submaxillary gland in vitro.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 177:263–275
Putney, J.W., Jr., Borzelleca, J.F. 1971b. On the mechanism of14C-nicotine distribution in rat submaxillary gland in vitro.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 178:180–191
Roos, A., Boron, W.F. 1981. Intracellular pH.Physiol. Rev. 61:296–434
Saito, Y., Ozawa, T., Hayashi H., Nishiyama, A. 1985. Acetylcholine-induced change in intracellular Cl− activity of the mouse lacrimal acinar cells.Pfluegers Arch. 405:108–111
Saito, Y., Ozawa, T., Hayashi, H., Nishiyama, A. 1987a. The effect of acetylcholine on chloride transport across the mouse lacrimal gland acinar cell membranes.Pfluegers Arch. 409:280–288
Saito, Y., Ozawa, T., Nishiyama, A. 1986. Transcellular chloride transport by acinar cells of the mouse lacrimal gland.Proc. Int. Union Physiol. Sci. 16:480
Saito, Y., Ozawa, T., Nishiyama, A. 1987b. Acetylcholine-induced Na+ influx in the mouse lacrimal gland acinar cells: Demonstration of multiple Na+ transport mechanisms by intracellular Na+ activity measurements.J. Membrane Biol. 98:135–144
Saito, Y., Ozawa, T., Suzuki, S., Nishiyama, A. 1987c. Regulation of intracellular pH of the mouse lacrimal gland acinar cells.J. Physiol. Soc. Jpn. 49:345
Suzuki, K., Petersen, O.H. 1985. The effect of Na+ and Cl− removal and of loop diuretics on acetylcholine-evoked membrane potential changes in mouse lacrimal acinar cells.Q. J. Exp. Physiol. 70:437–445
Thomas, R.C. 1974. Intracellular pH of snail neurones measured with a new pH-sensitive glass micro-electrode.J. Physiol. (London) 238:159–180
Thomas, R.C. 1976. The effect of carbon dioxide on the intracellular pH buffering power of snail neurones.J. Physiol. (London) 255:715–735
Weinman, S.A., Reuss, L. 1982. Na+−H+ exchange of the apical membrane ofNecturus gallbladder. Extracellular and intracellular pH studies.J. Gen. Physiol. 80:299–321
Wood, R.L., Mircheff, A.K. 1986. Apical and basal-lateral Na/K ATPase in rat lacrimal gland acinar cells.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 27:1293–1296
Wright, E.M. 1977. Effect of bicarbonate and other buffers on choroid plexus Na+/K+ pump,Biochim. Biophys. Acta 468:486–489
Yoshitomi, K., Burckhardt, B.-C., Fromter, E. 1985. Rheogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransport in the peritubular cell membrane of rat renal proximal tubule.Pfluegers Arch. 405:360–366
Zeuthen, T. 1980. How to make and use double-barreled ion selective microelectrodes.In: Current Topics in Membrane and Transport E.L. Boulpaep, editor, Vol. 13, pp. 31–47 Academic, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rick, R., Spancken, G. & Dörge, A. Differential effects of aldosterone and ADH on intracellular electrolytes in the toad urinary bladder epithelium. J. Membrain Biol. 101, 275–282 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01872842
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01872842