Summary
A recurrent theme in the philosophical literature on the special theory of relativity is the question as to the “reality” of the Lorentz contraction. It is often suggested that there is a difference between the Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction in the pre-relativistic ether theory and the Lorentz contraction from special relativity in the sense that the former is a real contraction of matter conditioned by dynamical laws, whereas the latter should be compared with the apparent changes in the size of objects when the perspective of the observer changes. It is here shown, however, that the same laws of nature which are operative in the Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction also condition the relativistic Lorentz contraction. The relevant distinction therefore is not between the “reality” of the two contractions. What is at issue is the difference in explanatory structure of the pre-relativistic theory on the one hand and the special theory of relativity on the other. In the course of the argument the question of the “conventionality” of simultaneity is also discussed.
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References
H. Reichenbach, The Philosophy of Space and Time, New York, 1957 (translation of: Philosophie der Raum-Zeit-Lehre, 1928).
D. Lorenz, Über die “Realität” der FitzGerald-Lorentz-Kontraktion, Zeitschrift für allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 13/2 (1982), 294.
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The Philosophy of Space and Time (note 1), § 19.
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See in this connection: C. W. Misner, K. S. Thorne, J. A. Wheeler, Gravitation, San Francisco, 1973; § 1.5; for the general point that physical theories implicity define the means to measure the quantities with which they deal, see: N. Bohr, L. Rosenfeld, Phys. Rev. 78 (1950) 794.
D, Malament, Causal Theories of Time and the Conventionality of Simultaneity, Noûs 11 (1977) 293.
See also: H. Reichenbach, op. cit. note 1, § 31.
See for a calculation concerning this example: D. Lorenz, op. cit. note 2, pp. 309–312.
See for instance: H. Reichenbach, op. cit. note 1, p. 202.
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Dieks, D. The “reality” of the Lorentz contraction. Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 15, 330–342 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01801366
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01801366