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Prevalence of cytoplasmatic islet cell antibodies and insulin autoantibodies is increased in subjects with genetically defined high risk for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

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Summary

The presence of cytoplasmatic islet cell antibodies (ICA) and IgG insulin autoantibodies (IgG-IAA) has been observed in the prediabetic state of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes (IDDM). We therefore analyzed the prevalence of these markers in sera from 1117 healthy HLA-typed first-degree relatives (1° Rel) of IDDM patients. ICA was determined by indirect immunofluorescence on cryostat sections of human pancreas. For IgG-IAA measurement a competitive solid-phase ELISA was used. ICA were present in 3.5% of 1° Rel vs 0.4% of controls (P<0.025). The highest frequencies of ICA were found in individuals of IDDM multiplex families (7.7%) and HLA-DR1,3 (5.4%), -DR1,4 (5.8%), and -DR3,4 (6.7%) positive subjects. We therefore conclude that the prevalence of ICA is increased in 1° Rel with high genetic risk for diabetes. IgG-IAA occurred in 9.9% of 1° Rel vs 1.4% of controls (P<0.01). Like ICA, IgG-IAA were significantly increased in a group of subjects being positive for either HLA-DR1,3-DR1,4, or -DR3,4 (16.5%,P<0.01). In multiplex families, however, prevalence of IgG-IAA was not increased. In contrast to ICA there was an additional influence of age and sex: IgG-IAA were found more often in siblings (mean age, 16.6 years; prevalence, 15.0%) than in parents (mean age, 44.1 years; prevalence, 8.3%) of IDDM patients (P<0.01). In brothers the prevalence of IgG-IAA is higher than in other 1° Rel. Only a weak association between ICA and IgG-IAA was observed in subjects (n=810) tested for both antibodies. IgG-IAA occurred in 6/35 (17%) ICA positive 1°Rel, while ICA were found in 6/79 (8%) IgG-IAA positive relatives.

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Abbreviations

ICA:

islet cell antibodies

IgG-IAA:

immunoglobulin G-insulin autoantibodies

IDDM:

type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

1° Rel:

first-degree relatives

JDF:

Juvenile Diabetes Foundation

WHO:

World Health Organization

ΔOD:

delta optical density

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes-Forschungsinstitut an der Universität Düsseldorf, Germany

    B. Kuglin, C. Linke, F. A. Gries & H. Kolb

  2. Diabetes Schulungs- und Therapiezentrum, Elisabeth Krankenhaus Essen, Germany

    J. Bertrams

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  1. B. Kuglin
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  2. J. Bertrams
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  3. C. Linke
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  4. F. A. Gries
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  5. H. Kolb
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Kuglin, B., Bertrams, J., Linke, C. et al. Prevalence of cytoplasmatic islet cell antibodies and insulin autoantibodies is increased in subjects with genetically defined high risk for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Klin Wochenschr 67, 66–73 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01735654

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