Abstract
These lectures review calculations of the electromagnetic properties of one- and two-baryon systems using the nonrelativistic quark model. We start with a short discussion of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, which is essential in understanding the transition from QCD to the constituent quark model. We then discuss the chiral version of the nonrelativistic quark model which simulates the symmetries and dynamical content of the underlying field theory in terms of gluon, pion, and sigma exchange between constituent quarks. In the second lecture, the electromagnetic properties of the one-baryon system are investigated in this framework. In particular, we focus on the effect of gluon and pion degrees of freedom in the electromagnetic current operators. These must be included in order for the electromagnetic current to be conserved. We also study the effect of scalar exchange currents connected with the confinement and sigma exchange potentials. By including these two-body exchange currents we go beyond the single-quark impulse approximation which has mainly been used up to now. The consistent treatment of gluon-, pion-, and scalar-exchange currents in the quark potential model is the new point of the present work. We show that exchange currents have a large effect on various electromagnetic properties, such as magnetic moments, charge and magnetic radii of the nucleon and Δ(1232). We point out that one cannot extract quantitative information about the quark-quark potential from electromagnetic observables without taking two-body exchange currents into account. In the third lecture, we use the quark potential model to study the electromagnetic properties of the deuteron. We emphasize that a quark-model description leads to short-range modifications of the conventional single-nucleon and two-nucleon currents, due to the quark-exchange currents. These appear as a consequence of the Pauli principle at the quark level.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Proc. of Int. School of Nucl. Phys., 16th course: Electromagnetic Probes and the Structure of Hadrons and Nuclei, Erice (Sicily), Sept. 1994 (ed. Amand Faessler), Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys.34 (1995).
Bhaduri R.K.: Models of the nucleon. Lecture notes and supplements in physics, Vol.22 (ed. Davis Pines), Addison-Wesley, Redwood City (California), 1988.
Beg M.A.B., Lee B.W., and Pais A.: Phys. Rev. Lett.13 (1964) 514.
Karl G.: Int. J. Mod. Phys. E1 (1992) 491.
Copley L.A., Karl G., and Obryk E.: Nucl. Phys. B13 (1969) 303.
Close F.E. and Zhenping Li: Phys. Rev. D42 (1990) 2194.
Shuryak E.: Phys. Rep.115 (1984) 151.
Manohar A. and Georgi H.: Nucl. Phys. B234 (1984) 189.
McKellar B.H.J., Scadron M.D., and Warner R.C.: Int. J. Mod. Phys. A3 (1988) 20.
Morpurgo G.: Phys. Rev. D40 (1989) 3111;41 (1990) 2865.
Friar J.L.:in Mesons in Nuclei, Vol. II (eds. M. Rho and D. Wilkinson), North-Holland, New-York, 1979, p. 597.
Alvarez-Estrada R.F., Fernandez F., Sanchez-Gomez J.L., and Vento V.: Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol.259, Springer, Berlin, 1986.
Lucha W., Schöberl F.F., and Gromes D.: Phys. Rep.200 (1991) 127.
Richard J.M.: Phys. Rep.212 (1992) 1.
De Rujula A., Georgi H., and Glashow S.L.: Phys. Rev. D12 (1975) 147.
Isgur N. and Karl G.: Phys. Rev. D18 (1978) 4187;19 (1979) 2653;21 (1980) 3175.
Isgur N., Karl G., and Koniuk R.: Phys. Rev. Lett.41 (1978) 1269.
Isgur N., Karl G., and Sprung D.W.L.: Phys. Rev. D23 (1981) 163.
Robson D.: Phys. Rev. D35 (1985) 1029.
Weyrauch M. and Weber H.J.: Phys. Lett. B171 (1986) 13.
Yang C.N. and Mills R.L.: Phys. Rev.96 (1954) 191.
Yndurain F.J.: Quantum Chromodynamics. Springer-Verlag, New-York, 1983.
Becher P., Böhm M., and Joos H.: Eichtheorien. B.G. Teubner, Stuttgart, 1981.
Halzen F. and Martin A.D.: Quarks and Leptons. John Wiley, New York, 1984.
Particle Data group. M. Aguilar-Benitez et al.: Phys. Rev. D45 (1992) 1.
Kirchbach M.: Czech. J. Phys.43 (1993) 319.
Thomas A.W.: Adv. Nucl. Phys.13 (1983) 1.
Vogl U. and Weise W.: Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.27 (1991) 195.
Nambu Y. and Jona-Lasinio G.: Phys. Rev.122 (1960) 345.
Ebert D., Reinhardt H., and Volkov M.K.: Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys.33 (1994) 1.
Zeldovich Ya.B. and Sakharov A.D.: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.4 (1964) 283.
Akhiezer A. and Berestetski V.B.: Quantum Electrodynamics. John Wiley, New York, 1963.
Shimizu K.: Phys. Lett. B148 (1984) 418.
Maltman K.: Nucl. Phys. A446 (1985) 623.
Fernandez F. and Oset E.: Nucl. Phys. A455 (1986) 720.
Bergervoet J.R. et al.: Phys. Rev. C41 (1990) 1435.
Drechsel D. and Giannini M.M.: J. Phys. G12 (1986) 1165.
Obukhovsky I.T. and Kusainov A.M.: Phys. Lett. B238 (1990) 142.
Fernandez F., Valcarce A., Straub U., and Faessler A.: J. Phys. G19 (1993) 2013.
Close F.E.: An introduction to Quarks and Partons. Academic Press, London, 1979.
Faessler A., Buchmann A., and Yamauchi Y.: Int. J. Mod. Phys. E2 (1993) 39.
Reinders L.J. and Stam K.: Phys. Lett. B180 (1986) 125.
Namyslowski J.M.: Phys. Lett. B192 (1987) 170.
Buchmann A., Hernandez E., and Yazaki K.: Phys. Lett. B269 (1991) 35.
Buchmann A., Hernandez E., and Yazaki K.: Nucl. Phys. A569 (1994) 661.
Giannini M.M.: Rep. Prog. Phys.54 (1990) 453.
Weinberg S.: Phys. Rev. Lett.65 (1990) 1181.
Buchmann A., Yamauchi Y., and Faessler A.: Nucl. Phys. A496 (1989) 621; Phys. Lett. B225 (1989) 301; Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys.24 (1990) 333.
Buchmann A., Yamauchi Y., Ito H., and Faessler A.: J. Phys. G14 (1988) 1037.
Yamauchi Y., Buchmann A., and Faessler A.: Nucl. Phys. A494 (1989) 401.
Stichel P. and Werner E.: Nucl. Phys. A145 (1970) 257.
Ichii S., Bentz W., and Arima A.: Nucl. Phys. A464 (1987) 575.
Blunden P.G.: Nucl. Phys. A464 (1987) 525.
Arenhövel H.: Czech. J. Phys.43 (1993) 207.
Arenhövel H.: Nukleonika24 (1979) 274.
Simon G.G., Borkowski F., Schmitt Ch., and Walther V.H.: Z. Naturf.35a (1980) 1.
Yamauchi Y., Buchmann A., Faessler A., and Arima A.: Nucl. Phys. A526 (1991) 495.
Petrunkin V.A.: Sov. J. Part. Nucl.12 (1981) 278.
Buchmann A.J. and Hernandez E.: to be published.
Drechsel D. and Giannini M.M.: Phys. Lett. B143 (1984) 329.
Leonard W.J. and Gerace W.J.: Phys. Rev. D41 (1990) 924.
Davidson R.M., and Mukhopadhyay N.C.: Phys. Rev. D42 (1990) 20.
Kroll J. and Schwesinger B.: Phys. Lett. B334 (1994) 287.
Walcher T.: Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys.34 (1995) 1.
Schoch B.: Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys.34 (1995) 43.
D'Angelo A.: Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys.34 (1995) 407.
Krivoruchenko M.I. and Giannini M.M.: Phys. Rev. C43 (1991) 3763.
Isgur N., Karl G., and Koniuk R.: Phys. Rev. D25 (1982) 2394.
Franklin J.: AIP Conf. Proc. No.187 (1989) 384.
Brown G.E., Rho M., and Vento V.: Phys. Lett. B97 (1980) 423.
Ohta K.: Phys. Rev. Lett.43 (1979) 1201.
Krivoruchenko M.I.: JETP Lett.38 (1983) 173.
Hwang W-Y.P.: Z. Phys. C16 (1983) 331.
Weber H.J. and Weyrauch M.: Phys. Rev. C32 (1985) 1342.
Krivoruchenko M.I.: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.45 (1987) 109.
Chemtob M. and Rho M.: Nucl. Phys. A163 (1971) 1.
Bosshard A. et al.: Phys. Rev. D44 (1991) 1962.
Nefkens B.M.K.: Phys. Rev. D18 (1978) 3911.
Pascual P. and Tarrach R.: Nucl. Phys. B134 (1978) 133.
Holinde K.: Czech. J. Phys.43 (1994) 431.
Machleidt R.: Adv. Nucl. Phys.19 (1989) 189.
Machleidt R., Holinde K. and Elster Ch.: Phys. Rep.149 (1987) 1.
Khankasayev M.Kh.:in Meson-Baryon Form Factors: Hard or Soft? Preprint E4-92-445, JINR, Dubna 1992.
Oka M. and Yazaki K.: Phys. Lett. B90 (1980) 41; Prog. Theor. Phys.66 (1981) 556.
Oka M. and Yazaki K.:in Quarks and Nuclei (ed. Weise W.), World Scientific, Singapore, 1984.
Faessler A., Fernandez F., Lübeck G., and Shimizu K.: Nucl. Phys. A402 (1983) 555.
Myhrer F. and Wroldsen J.: Rev. Mod. Phys.60 (1988) 629.
Oka M. and Yazaki K.: Nucl. Phys. A402 (1983) 477.
Takeuchi S. and Yazaki K.: Nucl. Phys. A438 (1985) 605.
Ito H. and Kisslinger L.S.: Phys. Rev. C40 (1989) 887.
Yamauchi Y., Yamamoto R., and Wakamatsu M.: Nucl. Phys. A443 (1985) 477.
Suzuki Y. and Hecht K.T.: Nucl. Phys. A420 (1984) 525.
Zhang Zong-Ye, Bräuer K., Faessler A., and Shimizu K.: Nucl. Phys. A443 (1985) 557.
Silvestre-Brac B.: Phys. Lett. B179 (1986) 9.
Fujiwara Y. and Hecht K.T.: Nucl. Phys. A462 (1987) 621;463 (1987) 255.
Khadkikar S.B. and Vijayakumar K.B.: Phys. Lett. B254 (1991) 320.
Valcarce A., Buchmann A., Fernandez F., and Faessler A.: Phys. Rev. C50 (1994) 2246.
Zhang Zhong-Ye, Straub U., Glozman L.Ya., and Faessler A.: Nucl. Phys. A578 (1994) 573.
Gutsche T., Viollier R.D., and Faessler A.: Phys. Lett. B331 (1994) 8.
Lipkin H.J.: Phys. Lett. B198 (1987) 131.
Wildermuth K. and Tang Y.C.: A unified theory of the nucleus. Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1977.
Yamauchi Y. and Wakamatsu M.: Nucl. Phys. A457 (1986) 621.
Spitz G. and Schmid E.W.: Few-Body Systems1 (1986) 37.
Glozman L.Ya. and Kuchina E.I.: Phys. Rev. C49 (1994) 1149.
Valcarce A., Buchmann A., Fernandez F., and Faessler A.: Phys. Rev. C51 (1995) 1480.
Arnold R.G. et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett.35 (1975) 776.
Elias J.E. et al.: Phys. Rev.177 (1969) 2075.
Galster S. et al.: Nucl. Phys. B32 (1971) 221.
Platchkov S. et al.: Nucl. Phys. A510 (1990) 740.
Arnold R.G. et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett.58 (1987) 1723.
Auffret S. et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett.54 (1985) 645.
Ganichot B. et al.: Nucl. Phys. A178 (1972) 545.
Simon G.G. et al.: Nucl. Phys. A364 (1981) 285.
Lacombe M. et al.: Phys. Lett. B101 (1981) 139.
Buchmann A., Henning H., and Sauer P.U.: Phys. Rev. C to be submitted.
Shimizu K.: Rep. Prog. Phys.52 (1989) 1.
Truhlik E.: Czech. J. Phys.43 (1993) 467.
Brodsky S. J. and Chertok B.: Phys. Rev. D14 (1976) 3003.
Brodsky S. J.: Comments Nucl. Part. Phys.12 (1984) 213.
Drechsel D.: Nuovo Cimento76 (1983) 388.
Yazaki K.: Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys.24 (1990) 353.
Hockert J., Riska D.O., Gari M., and Huffman A.: Nucl. Phys. A217 (1973) 14.
Fabian W. and Arenhövel H.: Nucl. Phys. A258 (1976) 461.
Mathiot J.F.: Nucl. Phys. A412 (1984) 201.
Sauer P.U. and Henning H.: Few-Body Systems, Suppl.7 (1994) 92.
Adam J., Göller H., and Arenhövel H.: Phys. Rev. C48 (1993) 370.
Meißner Ulf- G.: Rep. Prog. Phys.56 (1993) 903.
Ecker G.: Czech. J. Phys.44 (1994) 405.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Lecture given at the 7th Indian-Summer School on Intermediate Energy Physics, Charles University, Prague, Sept. 1–10, 1994 [see Proceedings of the School, Czech. J. Phys.45 (1995), Nos. 2 and 4/5].
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Buchmann, A.J. Electromagnetic properties of one- and two-baryon systems in the quark potential model. Czech J Phys 46, 405–455 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01690893
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01690893