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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Treatment of choice for cholelithiasis in children

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Abstract

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is rapidly replacing traditional cholecystectomy as the standard treatment for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in adults. Over a period of 16 months, 14 children with a clinical diagnosis of cholelithiasis, ranging in age from 4 to 15 years (mean 12.2), were treated. All had symptoms of abdominal pain or vomiting; one had jaundice and recurrent cholecystitis. Five children (35%) had associated metabolic or hemolytic diseases. The 14 children were operated on using the laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique. No operation was converted to open cholecystectomy, but two patients required laparotomy: one because of suspected injury to the common duct, and the other because of non visualization of the gallbladder during laparoscopy. The mean post-operative hospital stay for the 11 children who underwent only laparoscopic cholecystectomy (one patient also had a simple mastectomy) was 50 hours (range 48–72 hours). All children resumed their normal activities almost immediately after discharge from hospital. No long-term biliary or other complications were seen in any patient throughout an average follow-up period of 6.2 months (range 3–16 months). The benefits of this operation in children are obvious: It is safe, effective, and well tolerated.

Résumé

La cholécystectomie celioscopique a pratiquement remplacé la cholécystectomie traditionnelle dans le traitement de la lithiase vésiculaire et de la cholécystite chez l'adulte. Pendant une période de 16 mois, nous avons traité par voie celioscopique 14 enfants âgés de 4 à 15 ans (âge moyen = 12.2 ans) pour une lithiase vésiculaire. Tous avaient des douleurs abdominales ou des vomissements. Un enfant avait un ictère associé à une cholécystite récidivante. Cinq enfants (35%) avaient des troubles métaboliques ou hémolytiques. Des 14 cas, deux laparotomies ont été nécessaires, une en raison d'un doute sur une plaie de la voie biliaire principale, l'autre parce que la vésicule n'a pu être visualisée. La durée moyenne de séjour pour les 11 enfants qui n'ont eu qu'une cholécystectomie (y compris un enfant qui a eu une mastectomie simple associée) a été de 50 heures (extrêmes: 48 à 72). Tous les enfants ont repris une activité pratiquement normale presqu'immédiatement après la sortie. Il n'y a eu aucune complication biliaire avec un suivi moyen de 6.2 mois (extrêmes 3–16 mois). Les avantages de cette intervention chez l'enfant sont évidents: sécurité, efficacité et bonne tolérance.

Resumen

La colecistectomía laparoscópica está reemplazando con rapidez a la colecistectomía tradicional, como la forma estándar de tratamiento para la colelitiasis y colecistitis en los adultos. En un período de 16 meses fueron tratados 14 niños con edades entre 4 y 15 años (media 12.2) con el diagnóstico clínico de colelitiasis. Todos presentaban sintomatología de dolor abdominal y vómito; uno presentaba ictericia y colecistitis recidivante; cinco (35%) sufrían enfermedades metabólicas o hemolíticas asociadas.

Los 14 niños fueron intervenidos utilizando la técnica de colecistectomía laparoscópica. Ninguno requirió conversión a colecistectomía abierta, pero dos requirieron laparotomía—uno por sospecha de lesión del canal colédoco y otro por no visualización de la vesícula biliar en el curso de la laparoscopia. El promedio de la hospitalización para los 11 niños que tuvieron la colecistectomia laparoscópica solamente (un paciente también fue sometido a mastectomía simple) fue de 50 horas (rango 48–72 h); todos reasumieron sus actividades normales casi de inmediato a su egreso del hospital. No se registraron complicaciones biliares ni de otro tipo en un seguimiento promedio de 6.2 meses (rango 3–16 meses). Los beneficios de esta intervención en los niños son obvios; la operación es segura, efectiva y bien tolerada.

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Vinograd, I., Halevy, A., Klin, B. et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Treatment of choice for cholelithiasis in children. World J. Surg. 17, 263–266 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658941

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658941

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