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Pathology of carcinoma of the gallbladder

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Abstract

A clinicopathologic study of 40 cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder is presented. Twenty-six cases resected were assessed retrospectively with respect to the operative procedures employed and the results based on the pathologic findings from the resected specimens.

The relationship between clinical features, macroscopic forms of tumor, histological types, liver invasion, and lymph node metastasis were investigated. Papillary, papillary infiltrative and nodular forms were classified as either papillary adenocarcinoma or well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and invasion of the liver and lymph node metastasis were rare. Frequent lymph node metastasis was encountered in the nodular infiltrative form and invasion of the liver was frequently present in the infiltrative form. Invasion of the liver, lymph node metastasis, and the presence of gallstones were less frequent in papillary adenocarcinoma. In contrast, moderately-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma frequently had lymph node metastasis. Invasion of the liver and lymph node metastasis were, however, present regardless of the histologic types and were more related to the extent of subserosal involvement present. A female preponderance was noted in poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The main reasons for surgery being limited to exploratory laparotomy only or palliative procedures included carcinoma infiltration into the hepatoduodenal ligament, carcinoma extension to the neighboring structures, multiple liver metastases, peritoneal dissemination, large liver invasion, and multiple metastases to the paraaortic lymph nodes.

Résumé

L'étude clinicopathologique de 40 cas de cancer de la vésicule biliaire est présentée ici. Trente-six cas de résection ont été étudiés en ce qui concerne les types d'intervention et leur résultat appuyé rétrospectivement sur les données anatomopathologiques des pièces.

Les rapports entre les caractères cliniques, les formes macroscopiques de tumeurs, les types histologiques, l'envahissement du foie, et les métastases ganglionnaires ont été examinés. Les formes papillaires, papillaires infiltrantes et ganglionnaires étaient soit cancer papillaire soit cancer tubulaire bien différencié et l'envahissement du foie et les métastases ganglionnaires étaient presque totalement absents. Il y avait de nombreuses métastases ganglionnaires dans la forme nodulaire infiltrante et l'envahissement du foie était fréquent dans la forme infiltrante. L'envahissement du foie, les métastases ganglionnaires et les calculs étaient moins fréquents que dans le cancer papillaire. Par contre, le cancer tubulaire peu différencié était souvent associé avec des métastases ganglionnaires. Cependant, l'envahissement du foie et les métastases ganglionnaires étaient sans rapport avec les types histologiques et plus en relation avec l'étendue de l'envahissement sous séreux. On a remarqué une majorité de femmes pour le cancer peu différencié. Les raisons majeures de se limiter à la laparotomie exploratrice ou à un procédé palliatif comprennent l'envahissement cancéreux du ligament hépatoduodénal (petit épiploon), l'extension du cancer aux structures adjacentes, des métastases multiples au foie, la dissémination péritonéale, un grand envahissement du foie, et de nombreuses métastases aux ganglions paraaortiques.

Resumen

Se presenta el estudio clínico patológico de 40 casos de carcinoma de la vesícula biliar. Veintiseis casos sometidos a resección fueron valorados en forma retrospectiva en cuanto a los procedimientos operatorios empleados y su resultado, con base en los hallazgos patológicos en los especímenes quirúrgicos.

Se investigó la relación entre las características clínicas, las formas macroscópicas del tumor, la invasión hepática, y las metástasis a ganglios linfáticos. Las formas papilar, papilar infiltrante y nodular resultaron ser adenocarcinoma papilar o adenocarcinoma tubular bien diferenciado con ausencia casi total de invasión hepática y de metástasis ganglionares. Las metástasis ganglionares fueron encontradas frecuentemente en la forma nodular infiltrante y la invasión hepática apareció frecuente en la forma infiltrante. La invasión hepática, las metástasis ganglionares, y la presencia de cálculos en la vesícula biliar fueron menos frecuentes en el adenocarcinoma papilar. Por el contrario, el adenocarcinoma tubular moderadamente diferenciado exhibió frecuentes metástasis ganglionares. Sin embargo, la invasión hepática y las metastasis ganglionares estuvieron presentes sin distinción del tipo histológico y más bien se encontraron relacionadas con el grado de infiltración subserosa. Se observó un predominio del sexo femenino en el adenocarcinoma pobremente diferenciado. Las razones principales para limitar el tratamiento quirúrgico a laparotomía exploratoria o procedimientos paliativos fueron la infiltración del ligamento hepatoduodenal, la extensión carcinomatosa a las estructuras vecinas, las metástasis hepáticas múltiples, la diseminación peritoneal, la invasión mayor del hígado, y las metástasis múltiples a los ganglios para-aórticos.

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Sumiyoshi, K., Nagai, E., Chijiiwa, K. et al. Pathology of carcinoma of the gallbladder. World J. Surg. 15, 315–321 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658722

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