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A prospective evaluation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the management of colorectal carcinoma

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Abstract

The relationship between the pattern of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) changes and the types of recurrence was investigated in a prospective study of 146 patients who underwent curative operations for adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum. Recurrences developed in 51 patients (34.9%) and was local in 14, distant in 23, and both local and distant in 14 of them. CEA slope values were individually calculated beginning with an initial rise of more than 1 ng/ml, and expressed as the % rise in CEA per month. Patients who relapsed had significantly higher slopes than those who remained well (median 20.0% versus 0.3% rise,p<0.001). A slope value of 5% rise per month broadly separated the two groups with an overall accuracy of 79.4%, sensitivity rate for recurrence of 86.3%, and specificity rate for no relapse of 75.8%.

Median CEA slope values did not differ significantly among patients with different types of relapse. However, compared with patients who had any distant recurrence, more patients with localized recurrence had slope values of less than 5% rise per month (8.1% versus 28.6%, respectively; one-tailed p=0.04). Nevertheless, a slope exceeding a 5% rise per month was observed in 10 of the 14 patients with local recurrence.

We conclude that serial postoperative CEA monitoring is useful in detecting both local as well as distant recurrence. Furthermore, the use of slope analysis may enhance the sensitivity of postoperative CEA monitoring for detecting relapse.

Résumé

La relation entre les variations du taux de l'antigène carcino-embryonnaire et les divers types de récidive ont été étudiés chez 146 sujets qui avaient subi une opération à visée curative pour cancer du colon ou du rectum. La récidive s'est manifestée chez 51 opérés (34,9%), locale dans 24 cas, à distance dans 23 cas, locale et à distance dans 14 cas.

La pente des valeurs de l'antigène fut calculée pour chaque sujet dès que le taux de l'antigène atteignait 1 ng/ml et exprimée en pourcentage d'élévation de l'antigène pour chaque mois.

Les opérés qui récidivèrent présentèrent des pentes plus élevées que ceux qui furent exempts de récidive (médiane de 20,0% VS 0,3% d'élévation,p <0,001). Une élévation de la pente de 5% par mois séparaient les deux groupes avec un taux de précision de 79,4%, de sensibilité de 86,3%, de spécificité de 75,8%.

Les valeurs moyennes de la ligne de pente de l'antigène n'ont pas présenté une différence significative selon les divers types de récidive. Cependant par comparaison avec les opérés indemnes de récidive, la plupart des sujets atteints de récidive locale présentaient une ligne de pente inférieure à une élévation de 5% par mois (8,1% VS 28,6%, respectivement), encore que chez 10 opérés sur un groupe de 14, une ligne de pente supérieure à 5% par mois ait été observée.

On peut conclure de cette étude que le dosage régulier de l'antigène carcino-embryonnaire est utile pour dépister les récidives locales ou à distance. De plus, la constitution d'une ligne de pente renforce la sensibilité de la méthode de dépistage.

Resumen

La relación entre el patrón de alteración del antígeno carcinoembriónico (ACE) y los diferentes tipos de recurrencia fue investigada mediante un estudio prospectivo de 146 pacientes sometidos a operaciones curativas por adenocarcinoma de colon o del recto. Se presentaron recurrencias en 51 pacientes (34,9%), y éstas fueron de tipo local en 14, distal en 23 y local y distal en 14 de ellos. Los valores de inclinación de los niveles de ACE sérico en determinaciones postoperatorias seriadas fueron calculados individualmente para cada paciente, comenzando cuando se presentó una elevación de más de 1 ng/ml, y expresados como % de la elevación del ACE por mes. Los pacientes con relapso presentaron inclinaciones significativamente mayores que los pacientes que se mantuvieron libres de enfermedad (la media fue 20,0% vs elevación del 0,3%,p<0,001). Un valor de inclinación del 5% de aumento por mes separa en forma amplia los dos grupos, con una tasa global de seguridad de 79,4%, una tasa de sensibilidad para recurrencia de 86,3% y una tasa de especificidad de no relapso de 75,8%.

Las inclinaciones medias del nivel de ACE no difirieron significativamente en el grupo de pacientes con diferentes tipos de relapso. Sin embargo, al compararlos con los pacientes que exhibían alguna recurrencia distal, se encontró que más pacientes con recurrencia local tenían inclinaciones de menos del 5% de aumento por mes (8,1% vs 28,6%, respectivamente,p de un solo final = 0,04). No obstante, una inclinación en exceso de 5% de aumento por mes fue observada en 10 de los 14 pacientes con recurrencia local.

Hemos llegado a la conclusión de que la monitoría postoperatoria seriada del ACE es de utilidad en la detección de las recurrencias tanto locales como distales. Además, el uso del análisis de la inclinación puede acrecentar la sensibilidad de la monitoria postoperatoria del ACE como medio de detección del relapso.

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Supported by grants from the University Research and Grants Committee, University of Hong Kong.

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Boey, J., Cheung, H.C., Lai, C.K. et al. A prospective evaluation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the management of colorectal carcinoma. World J. Surg. 8, 279–286 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655052

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