Skip to main content
Log in

Follow-up evaluation of thyroid function after thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis

  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One hundred fifty-seven patients with hyperthyroidism treated by subtotal thyroidectomy 2–8 years previously were followed up with serum T3, T4, and TSH determinations. There was some difficulty in distinguishing the various groups of patients by thyroid function tests. However, it was determined that the percentages of patients with hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, and hypothyroidism, based on T3 values, were 3.2%, 89.7%, and 7.1%, respectively, whereas 5.8%, 41.6%, and 53.1% were hyperthyroid, euthyroid, and hypothyroid by TSH criteria. Subclinical hypothyroidism, that is, increased TSH levels but normal T3 and T4 levels, accounted for the major discrepancy in these results. Subclinical hypothyroidism is more sensitive to disclosure by the TRH stimulation test. However, the incidence and severity of hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy are lower and milder than after131I treatment. The recurrence rate is less than that after the administration of antithyroid drugs, and postoperative complications are rare. Surgical treatment, therefore, plays an important role in the treatment of patients with hyperthyroidism. Those patients with sustained subclinical hypothyroidism after subtotal thyroidectomy should receive supplemental thyroid hormone.

Résumé

Cent cinquante-sept malades présentant une hyperthyroïdie ont subi une thyroïdectomie subtotale 2–8 ans avant d'être soumis à la détermination du taux des T3, T4 et TSH sériques. Il est toujours assez difficile de distinguer les divers groupes de malades en fonction des tests thyroïdiens. Cependant il fut possible dans cette série d'établir que le pourcentage des hyperthyroïdiens, euthyroïdiens et hypothyroïdiens en fonction du taux de T3 était respectivement de 3,2%, 89,7% et 7,1% cependant qu'en fonction de la TSH il était de 5,8%, 41,6% et 53,1%. L'hypothyroïdisme infra-clinique se manifeste par une élévation du taux de TSH mais un taux normal de T3 et T4 est la cause majeure de ces résultats contradictoires. L'hypothyroïdisme infraclinique est donc décelable par le test de stimulation de la TRH. Il est à noter que la fréquence et l'intensité de l'hypothyroïdisme après thyroïdectomie sont plus basses et plus faibles qu'après traitement par l'I131. Le taux de récidive est plus faible que celui secondaire au traitement par des drogues anti-thyroïdiennes et les complications postopératoires sont rares.

En conclusion, la chirurgie garde une place importante dans le traitement de l'hyperthyroïdie. Les opérés qui présentent des manifestations infracliniques d'hypothyroïdisme après thyroïdectomie subtotale doivent bénéficier d'un traitement par l'hormone thyroïdienne.

Resumen

Ciento cincuenta y siete pacientes con hipertiroidismo tratados con tiroidectomía subtotal entre 2 y 8 anos antes, fueron seguidos mediante determinaciones de séricas de T3, T4 y TSH. Hubo cierta dificultad en diferenciar los diversos grupos de pacientes de acuerdo a las pruebas de función tiroidea. Sin embargo, se pudo establecer que los porcentajes de pacientes con hiper, eu e hipotiroidismo, basados en los valores de T3, fueron de 3,2%, 89,7% y 7,1% respectivamente, en tanto que 5,8%, 41,6% y 53,1% aparecieron hiper, eu e hipertiroideos mediante criterios de TSH. El hipotiroidismo subclínico, o sea niveles aumentados de TSH pero con valores normales de T3 y T4, significó la causa mayor de discrepancia en los resultados. El hipotiroidismo subclínico es más susceptible de ser identificado por medio de la prueba de TRH. Sin embargo, la incidencia y severidad del hipotiroidismo que se presenta después de tiroidectomía son menores y más leves que en el que ocurre después del tratamiento con I131. El tratamiento quirúrgico, por consiguiente, juega un papel importante en el manejo de pacientes con hipertiroidismo. La integración de los datos presentados en este estudio señala que la tiroidectomía subtotal es todavía el tratamiento de elección en pacientes tirotóxicos. Aquellos pacientes que desarrollan hipotiroidismo subclínico persistente después de tiroidectomía subtotal deben recibir hormona tiroidea suplementaria.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Crile, G., Jr., Skillern, P.G.: Advantages of radioiodine over thyroidectomy in the treatment of Graves' disease. Cleve. Clin. Q.35:73, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  2. Black, B.M.: Surgery for Graves' disease. Mayo Clin. Proc.47:966, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  3. Heimann, P.H.: Should hyperthyroidism be treated by surgery? World J. Surg.2:281, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kuma, K.: Results of surgical treatment for hyperthyroidism (Japanese). Surg. Diag. Treat. (Tokyo)31:154, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  5. Noguchi, A., Murakami, N., Ito, J.: Late results after thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism (Japanese). Saishin Igaku29:313, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ito, K., Nishikawa, Y., Harada, T., Suzuki, T., Momotani, N., Maruchi, K., Tsuchiya, T.: A comparative evaluation of the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Endocrinol. Jpn.21:131, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ito, K., Harada, T., Nishikawa, Y.: Thyroid surgery (Japanese). Surg. Ther. (Tokyo, Osaka)18:80, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  8. Tamai, H., Fujino, R., Shizume, K., Kuma, K., Suematsu, H., Kurokawa, N., Aoki, H., Esaki, M., Kanbe, N., Nagataki, S.: Changes in responsivity of TRH test and T3-suppression test after surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism. Folica Endocrinol. Jpn.51:985, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cassidy, C.E.: Use of a thyroid suppression test as a guide to prognosis of hyperthyroidism treated with antithyroid drugs. J. Clin. Endocrinol.25:155, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  10. Michie, W., Pegg, C.A.S., Bewsher, P.D.: Prediction of hyperthyroidism after partial thyroidectomy. Br. Med. J.1:13, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bradley, E.L., III, Digirolamo, M.: Remnant function after subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. North. Med. J.68:1245, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  12. Taylor, G.W., Painter, N.S.: Size of the thyroid remnant in partial thyroidectomy for toxic goiter. Lancet1:287, 1962

    Google Scholar 

  13. Muriey, R.S., Rigg, B.M.: Postoperative thyroid function and complications in relation to a measured thyroid remnant. Br. J. Surg.55:757, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  14. Haibach, H., Avioli, L.V.: Hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease: Current trends in management and diagnosis (Therapeutic Grand Rounds no. 15). Arch. Intern. Med.136:725, 1976

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hedley, A.J., Hall, R., Amos, J., Michie, W.: Serum-thyrotropin levels after subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Lancet1:455, 1971

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bronsky, D., Kimako, R.T., Waldstein, S.S.: Posttherapeutic myxedema—relative occurrence after treatment of hyperthyroidism by radioactive iodine (131I) or subtotal thyroidectomy. Arch. Intern. Med.121:113, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  17. Caswell, H.T., Robbins, R.R., Rosemond, C.P.: Definitive treatment of 536 cases of hyperthyroidism with I-131 or surgery. Ann. Surg.164:593, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  18. Green, M., Wilson, G.M.: Thyrotoxicosis treated by surgery or iodine-131 with special reference to development of hypothyroidism. Br. Med. J.1:1005, 1964

    Google Scholar 

  19. Olsen, W.P., Nishiyama, R.H., Graber, L.W., Mich, A.A.: Thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism. Arch. Surg.101:175, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  20. Irvine, W.J., MacGregor, A.G., Steward, A.E.: The prognostic significance of thyroid antibodies in the management of thyrotoxicosis. Lancet2:843, 1962

    Google Scholar 

  21. Baker, G., Pimstone, B.: The management of recurrent thyrotoxicosis after thyroidectomy. S. Afr. Med. J.45:646, 1971

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hamburger, J.I.: Recurrent hyperthyroidism after thyroidectomy. Arch. Surg.111:91, 1976

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Harada, T., Shimaoka, K., Arita, S. et al. Follow-up evaluation of thyroid function after thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis. World J. Surg. 8, 436–443 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01654907

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01654907

Keywords

Navigation