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The oxidative effects of a dapson derivative on normal and chronic granulomatous disease polymorphonuclear function

Die oxydative Wirkung eines Dapson-Derivates auf die Neutrophilen-Funktion bei Gesunden und Patienten mit chronischer Granulomatose

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Summary

To evaluate the potential use of dapsone (4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone), to restore oxidative metabolism and bactericidal potency to polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), the active derivative of dapsone, 4-amino-4′-hydroxylaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS-NOH) was evaluated for its ability to generate reduced products of oxygen. In a cell free system, DDS-NOH reduced the redox dye, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and the reaction was ablated by superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme specific for inhibiting superoxide anion mediated reactions. Addition of catalase, a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and sodium benzoate or mannitol, both scavengers of hydroxyl radical, had no effect on the reduction of NBT by DDS-NOH. In an acellular system, high concentrations of DDS-NOH were bactericidal forStaphylococcus aureus 502A and the effect was enhanced by SOD. Catalase, but not benzoate or the singlet oxygen scavenger, beta carotene, eliminated the bactericidal effect of DDS-NOH in the presence of SOD. Incubation of CGD PMNs with 0.2 and 1.0mM DDS-NOH for 30 minutes improved the rate of glucose-1-14C oxidation and the rate of iodination of ingested zymosan particles to activities observed in control leukocytes. However, the bactericidal response was only partially restored. Washed leukocytes previously incubated with DDS-NOH failed to show enhancement of bactericidal activity in CGD PMN supporting the idea that DDS-NOH does not enter the cell. Exposure of normal and CGD PMN to 0.02mM DDS-NOH promoted capping of Concanavalin A (Con A) on the plasma membrane and improved the translocation of the granular enzyme, myeloperoxidase into phagocytic vesicles. Both responses depend upon the disassembly of cytoplasmic microtubules confirmed directly by3H colchicine binding. These studies indicate that DDS-NOH generates superoxide anion and H2O2 which are bactericidal but the oxidative properties of DDS-NOH are toxic toward the sulfhydryl containing microtubules allowing only partial restoration of CGD PMN phagocytic function.

Zusammenfassung

Zwecks Beurteilung einer möglichen Anwendung von Dapsone (4-Diaminodiphenylsulfon) zur Wiederherstellung des oxydativen Metabolismus und der bakteriziden Potenz polymorphkerniger Leukozyten bei Patienten mit chronischen Granulomatosen wurde das aktive Dapsone-Derivat 4-Amino-4′-Hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfon (DDS-NOH) hinsichtlich seiner Fähigkeit geprüft, reduzierte Sauerstoffverbindungen zu erzeugen. In einem zellfreien System reduzierte DDS-NOH den Redoxfarbstoff Nitroblau-Tetrazolium (NBT); die Reaktion wurde durch Peroxiddismutase (SOD) — ein spezifisches Enzym, das durch das Peroxid-Anion vermittelte Reaktionen hemmt — aufgehoben. Zusatz von Katalase, Natriumbenzoat und Mannit — sämtlich hochavide Überträger des Hydroxylradikals — war ohne Wirkung auf die NBT-Reduktion durch DDS-NOH. In einem zellfreien System waren hohe DDS-NOH-Konzentrationen bakterizid fürStaphylococcus aureus 502A, die Wirkung wurde durch die SOD verstärkt. Katalase, jedoch nicht Benzoat oder der avide O2-Überträger β-Karotin, hoben den bakteriziden Effekt des DDS-NOH in Gegenwart von SOD auf. Inkubation polymorphkerniger Leukozyten der genannten Patienten mit 0.2 und 1.0 mM DDS-NOH für 30 min steigerte das Ausmaß der Glukose-1-14C-Oxydierung und der Jodbindung ingerierter Zymosanpartikel auf die Werte bei Kontroll-Leukozyten. Jedoch wurde die bakterizide Potenz nur teilweise restituiert. Gewaschene, vorher mit DDS-NOH inkubierte Polymorphkernige der Patienten wiesen keine Verstärkung der bakteriziden Aktivität auf; dies stützt die Annahme, daß DDS-NOH nicht in die Zelle eindringt. Inkubation Polymorphkerniger von Gesunden und von Patienten in 0.2 mM DDS-NOH begünstigte die Anlagerung von Concanavalin A an der Plasmamembran und die Einlagerung des Granularenzyms Myeloperoxydase in Phagozytenvesikel. Beide Reaktionen beruhen auf der Dissoziierung zytoplasmatischer Mikrotubuli, was sich unmittelbar durch die3H-Colchizinbindung bestätigen läßt. Aus diesen Versuchen ist zu folgern, daß DDS-NOH Peroxid-Anionen und H2O2 erzeugt, die bakterizid wirken. Jedoch sind die oxydierenden Eigenschaften des DDS-NOH toxisch für die sulfhydrylhaltigen Mikrotubuli und erlauben daher nur eine Teilrestitution der phagozytären Funktion polymorphkerniger Leukozyten bei Kranken mit Granulomatosen.

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Baehner, R., Ismail, G., Aller, J. et al. The oxidative effects of a dapson derivative on normal and chronic granulomatous disease polymorphonuclear function. Infection 6 (Suppl 1), S129–S135 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01646084

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