Summary
The MICs and MBCs of mecillinam, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin and piperacillin were determined by the microdilution method in liquid medium using 700 strains of gram-negative bacilli and enterococci isolated from pathological sources and classified as a function of their sensitivity to ampicillin and carbenicillin. The ampicillin and carbenicillin-sensitive strains were generally sensitive to the other penicillins, although there were differences in activity. The ampicillin and carbenicillin-resistant strains ofEscherichia coli that produce a TEM-type penicillinase were sensitive to mecillinam. Mezlocillin, piperacillin and azlocillin had MICs of between 32 and 64 mg/l for 40% of these strains. TheKlebsiella strains, whose broad-spectrum penicillinase deactivates ampicillin and carbenicillin, remained sensitive to mecillinam. Mezlocillin, azlocillin and piperacillin had MICs of < 8 mg/l for 50% of these strains. The carbenicillin-resistant strains ofEnterobacter andCitrobacter were also resistant to the other penicillins. Piperacillin and mezlocillin displayed some activity against certain strains of carbenicillin-resistantSerratia, Proteus andAcinetobacter. Azlocillin, piperacillin and, to a lesser degree, mezlocillin were active against the strains ofPseudomonas, for which carbenicillin had an MIC of about 512 mg/l. Ampicillin, mezlocillin and azlocillin showed the best activity against the enterococci, against which mecillinam was inactive. The MBC of these antibiotics is greatly influenced by the density of the bacterial inoculum.
Zusammenfassung
MHK und MBK von Mecillinam, Ticarcillin, Mezlocillin, Azlocillin und Piperacillin wurden mit einer Mikroverdünnungsmethode in flüssigem Medium für 700 gramnegative Bakterienstämme und Enterokokken bestimmt, die aus pathologischem Material isoliert wurden, und als Funktion ihrer Empfindlichkeit für Ampicillin und Carbenicillin bewertet. Ampicillin- und Carbenicillin-empfindliche Stämme waren für die anderen Penicilline prinzipiell empfindlich, allerdings bei verschiedenen Konzentrationen. Ampicillin- und Carbenicillin-resistenteEscherichia coli-Stämme waren für Mecillinam empfindlich, sofern sie TEM-Penicillinase produzierten. Mezlocillin, Piperacillin und Azlocillin hatten für 40% dieser Stämme MHK-Werte zwischen 32 und 64 mg/l.Klebsiella-Stämme, deren breit wirksame Penicillinase Ampicillin und Carbenicillin abbaut, blieben für Mecillinam empfindlich. Bei 50% dieser Stämme lag die MHK für Mezlocillin, Azlocillin und Piperacillin < 8 mg/l. Die Carbenicillin-resistentenEnterobacter- undCitrobacter-Stämme waren auch für die anderen Penicilline resistent. Piperacillin und Mezlocillin zeigten Wirkung auf bestimmte Carbenicillin-resistente Stämme vonSerratia, Proteus undAcinetobacter. Azlocillin, Piperacillin und in geringerem Grad Mezlocillin wirkten aufPseudomonas-Stämme, deren Carbenicillin-MHK bei 512 mg/l lag. Ampicillin, Mezlocillin und Azlocillin hatten die stärkste Wirkung auf Enterokokken, gegen die Mecillinam unwirksam war. Die MBK dieser Antibiotika wird durch die Bakterieneinsaat stark beeinflußt.
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Thabaut, A., Durosoir, J.L. & Saliou, P. Comparative in vitro antibacterial activity of seven semi-synthetic penicillins against aerobic gram-negative bacteria and enterococci. Infection 10 (Suppl 3), S249–S256 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01640683
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01640683