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The radio-anatomic importance of thecolliculus atlantis

Intérêt radio-anatomique ducolliculus atlantis

  • Radiologic Anatomy
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Summary

The attachment point of the transverse lig. of the atlas was investigated in a series of 234 human skeletons of different ages and 42 cadaver dissections. This attachment point was found to be a bony bump at the lateral mass of the atlas which we called thecolliculus atlantis. These findings were confirmed by a retrospective study of more than 20.000 radiographs of the cervical spine. Furthermore, the study showed that thecolliculus atlantis is developed by age 13 at the latest and that it is visible in the open-mouth view radiograph. The rare absence of thecolliculus atlantis in the adult was found to be associated with lack of tension in the transverse lig. and thus at its attachment points due to dysfunction of the craniocervical joints. This dysfunction may be congenital (e.g. Morquio's syndrome, Kniest's syndrome) or acquired before age ten (e.g. trauma). In conclusion, the attachment point of the transverse lig. was found to be a product of normal function of the craniocervial junction and changes in the morphology and site of thecolliculus atlantis in certain inflammatory processes (e.g. juvenile chronic polyarthritis, salmonellar spondylitis) or injuries (Jefferson's fracture) allow an early diagnosis followed by an early adequate therapeutic procedure

Résumé

La zone d'insertion du lig. transverse de l'atlas a été étudiée sur une série de 234 squelettes humains d'âges différents et de 42 dissections cadavériques. Nous avons constaté que ce point d'ancrage correspond à un relief osseux de la masse latérale de l'atlas, que nous avons baptisé lecolliculus atlantis. Ces données sont appuyées par l'étude en pratique clinique de plus de 20 000 examens radiographiques du rachis cervical. Notre étude a montré que lecolliculus atlantis est développé au plus tard à l'âge de 13 ans, et qu'il est visible sur un cliché radiographique en incidence “bouche ouverte”. L'absence ducolliculus atlantis chez l'adulte s'est montrée rare et alors associée à un défaut de tension du lig. transverse et rapport avec sa zone d'insertion par un dysfonctionnement de la jonction crânio-cervicale. Ce dysfonctionnement peut être congénital (syndrome de Morquio, de Kniest) ou acquis avant l'âge de 10 ans (traumatisme). En conclusion, la zone d'insertion du lig. transverse de l'atlas résulte d'un fonctionnement normal de la jonction crâniocervicale, et des modifications de la morphologie ou de la situation ducolliculus atlantis dans certains processus inflammatoires (polyarthrite chronique juvénile, spondylite à salmonelles) ou traumatiques (fracture de Jefferson) permettent un diagnostic précoce, qui autorise une prise en charge thérapeutique également précoce et adaptée.

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Weiglein, A.H., Schmidberger, H.R. The radio-anatomic importance of thecolliculus atlantis . Surg Radiol Anat 20, 209–214 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01628897

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