Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Computerized electroencephalogram

A model of understanding the brain function in childhood psychosis and its treatment

  • Articles
  • Published:
Journal of autism and childhood schizophrenia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Computer analysis of the electroencephalogram (CEEG) in psychotic children before and after pharmacotherapy, normal children of schizophrenic mothers, and matched normal children of normal parents indicated significant intergroup differences. The psychotic children had more slow, as well as very fast, EEG waves. With drug therapy the EEG showed a partial “normalization,” as fast EEG activity decreased. The EEG and auditory evoked potential of children of schizophrenic mothers were strikingly similar to those of psychotic children and schizophrenic adults, with significant decreases of the average EEG amplitude and the evoked potential latencies. Psychotic children were distinctly differentiated from the normal children by discriminant function analysis of the EEG and EP. Quantitative analysis of brain functions in the mentally ill can help determine the neurophysiological correlates of behavior, a more scientific diagnostic classification, prognosis, and selection of therapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bray, P. F. Temporal lobe syndrome in children.Modern Medicine, 1962,30, 117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burch, N. R., Nettleton, W. H., Sweeney, J., & Edwards, R. J. Period analysis of the electroencephalogram on a general purpose digital computer.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1964,115, 827–943.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Callaway, E., & Stone, G. C. Evoked response methods for the study of intelligence.Agressologie, 1969,10, 1–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cattell, J. P., & Pacella, B. L. An electroencephalographic and clinical study of children with primary behavior disorders.American Journal of Psychiatry, 1950,107, 25–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chao, D. The autistic child.Medical Records and Annals, 1963,56, 247–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chess, S.Classification of psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence: A view from the U.S.A. Paper presented at the Fifth World Congress of Psychiatry, Mexico, D.F., 1971.

  • Churchill, D. W. Effects of success and failure in psychotic children.Archives of General Psychiatry, 1971,25, 208–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creak, M., & Pampiglione, G. Clinical and EEG studies on a group of 35 psychotic children.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1969,11, 218.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drohocki, Z. L'intégrateur de 1' électroproduction cerebrale pour 1' électroencephalographie quantitative.Rev. Neurol., 1948,80, 619–624.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumermuth, G. Electronic data processing in pediatric EEG research.Neuropadiatrie, 1971,2, 349–357.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology, Pediatric and Revised Adult Batteries (2nd revision), January, 1973, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, NIMH.

  • Eeg-Olofsson, O. The development of the electroencephalogram in normal children and adolescents from the age of 1 through 21 years.Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, Supplementum, 1971,208, 7–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, R. & Henderson, N. B. Visual evoked responses and IQ scores.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1973,15, 136–145.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ertl, J. P., & Schafer, E. W. P. Brain response correlates of psychometric intelligence.Nature, 1969,223, 421–422.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fish, B., & Shapiro, D. A typology of children's psychiatric disorders: I. Its application to a controlled evaluation of treatment.Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1965,4, 35–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, D., & Rosenberg, B. Electroencephalographic observations in psychotic children.Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1962,3, 93–112.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermelin, B., & O'Connor, N. Measures of the occipital alpha rhythm in normal, subnormal, and autistic children.British Journal of Psychiatry, 1968,114, 603–610.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hingtgen, J. N., & Bryson, C. Q. Recent developments in the study of early childhood psychoses: Infantile autism, childhood schizophrenia, and related disorders.Schizophrenia Bulletin, 1972,5, 8–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, C., Hutt, S. J., Lee, D., & Ounsted, C. Arousal and childhood autism.Nature, 1964,204, 908–909.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, S. J., Hutt, C., Lee, D., & Ounsted, C. A behavioral and electroencephalographic study of autistic children.Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1965,3, 118–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingvar, N., & Koersner, P. Electroencephalography and cerebral lesions: A clinical investigation on children.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology, 1952,13, 164–174.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itil, T. M.Elektroencephalographische Studien bei endogenen Psychosen und deren Behandlung mit psychotropen Medikamenten (2nd ed.). Istanbul: Ahmet Sait Matbaasi, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Itil, T. M. Electroencephalographical and pharmacopsychiatry. In F. A. Freyhan, N. Petrilowitsch, & P. Pichot (Eds.),Clinical Psychopharmacology, Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry (Vol. 1). Basel/New York: Karger, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Itil, T. M., Hsu, W., Klingenberg, H., Saletu, B., & Gannon, P. Digital computer-analyzed all-night sleep EEG patterns (sleep prints) in schizophrenics.Biological Psychiatry, 1972,4, 3–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itil, T. M., Hsu, W., Saletu, M., & Mednick, S. Computer EEG and auditory evoked potential investigations in children at high risk for schizophrenia.American Journal of Psychiatry, 1974,131, 892–900.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itil, T. M., Saletu, B., & Davis, S. EEG findings in chronic schizophrenics based on digital computer period analysis and analog power spectra.Biological Psychiatry, 1972,5, 1–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itil, T. M., Marasa, J., Saletu, B., Davis, S., & Mucciardi, A. N. Computerized EEG: Predictor of outcome in schizophrenia.Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1975,160, 188–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasper, H. H., Solomon, P., & Bradley, C. E. An analysis of behavior problem children.American Journal of Psychiatry, 1938,95, 641–658.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennard, M. A. Inheritance of electroencephalogram patterns in the families of children with behavior disorders.Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 1947,72, 177–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennard, M. A. Factors affecting the electroencephalogram in children and adolescents.Jpurnal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1948,108, 442–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennard, M. A. The electroencephalogram in psychological disorders: A review.Psychosomatic Medicine, 1953,15, 95–115.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolvin, C., Ounsted, C., & Roth, M. Cerebral dysfunction and childhood psychoses.British Journal of Psychiatry, 1971,118, 407–414.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loeffel, R. G., & Ulett, G. A. A new resonator-integrator unit for the automatic brain wave analyzer.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1953,5, 113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mednick, S. A. Breakdown in individuals at high risk for schizophrenia: Possible predispositional perinatal factors.Mental Hygiene, 1970,54, 50–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mednick, S. A., & Schulsinger, F. Children of schizophrenic mothers.Bulletin of the International Association of Applied Psychology, 1965,14, 11–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirsky, A. F. Neuropsychological bases of schizophrenia. In P. H. Mussen & M. R. Rosenzweig (Eds.),Annual review of psychology. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews, Inc., 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosher, L.R., Gunderson, J. G., & Buchsbaum, S. Special report: Schizophrenia, 1972.Schizophrenia Bulletin, Winter 1973,7, 12–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mucciardi, A. N., & Gose, E. E. An automatic clustering algorithm and its properties in high dimensional spaces.IEEE Transactions on System Science and Cybernetics, 1975, in press.

  • Ornitz, E. M., Ritvo, E. R., Brown, M. B., LaFranchi, S., Parmelee, T., & Walter, R. D. The EEG and rapid eye movements during REM sleep in normal and autistic children.Electroencephalographic and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1969,26, 167–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ornitz, E. M., Ritvo, E. R., Panman, L. M., Lee, V. H., Carr, E. M., & Walter, R. D. The auditory evoked response in normal and autistic children during sleep.Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1968,25, 221–230.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. Concepts of autism: A review of research.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1968,8, 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saletu, B., Simeon, J., Saletu, M., Itil, T. M., & daSilva, J. Behavioral and visual evoked potential investigations during trihexyphenidyl and thiothixene treatment in psychotic boys.Biological Psychiatry, 1974,8, 177–189.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schafer, E. W. P., & Marcus, M. M. Self-stimulation alters human sensory brain responses.Science, 1973,181, 175–177.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schain, R. J., & Yannet, H. Infantile autism: An analysis of 50 cases and a consideration of certain relevant neurophysiological concepts.Journal of Pediatrics, 1960,57, 560–567.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shagass, C., & Schwartz, M. Visual cerebral evoked response characteristics in a psychiatric population.American Journal of Psychiatry, 1965,121, 979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, D., Hsu, W., & Itil, T. M. Period analysis of the EEG on the PDP-12. In N. L. Wulfsohn & A. Sances, Jr. (Eds.),The nervous system and electric currents (Vol. 2). New York: Plenum Press, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simeon, J., Saletu, B., Saletu, M., Itil, T. M., & daSilva, J. Thiothixene in childhood psychoses. In I. S. Forrest, C. J. Carr, & E. Usdin (Eds.),The phenothiazines and structurally related drugs. New York: Raven Press, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small, J. G. Sensory evoked responses of autistic children. In D. W. Churchill, G. D. Alpern, & M. DeMyer, (Eds.),Infantile Autism: Proceedings of the Indiana University Colloquium. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, S. G., Aldridge, V. J., Cooper, R., O'Gorman, G., McCallum, C., & Winter, A. L. Report on: Neurophysiological correlates of apparent defects of sensori-motor integration in autistic children. In D. W. Churchill, G. D. Alpern, & M. DeMyer (Eds.),Infantile Autism: Proceedings of the Indiana University Colloquium. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, T. F., & Hoddinott, B. A. A study of childhood schizophrenia and early infantile autism. Part I—Description of the sample.Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 1965,10, 377–382.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White, P. T., DeMyer, W., & DeMyer, M. EEG abnormalities in early childhood schizophrenia: A double-blind study of psychiatrically disturbed and normal children during promazine sedation.American Journal of Psychiatry, 1964,120, 950–958.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis Division, Missouri Institute of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 5400 Arsenal Street, 63139, St. Louis, Missouri

    Jovan Simeon

  2. New York Medical College, New York

    Turan M. Itil

Authors
  1. Jovan Simeon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Turan M. Itil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

This paper was supported in part by the USPHS grant MH-25,669 and presented in part at the Conference on Severe Psychopathologies in Childhood, December 7–8, 1973, New York, New York.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Simeon, J., Itil, T.M. Computerized electroencephalogram. J Autism Dev Disord 5, 247–265 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01538155

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01538155

Keywords

Search

Navigation