Summary
The range of the electrical potential of coalescence of mercury droplets in solutions of surface active materials was measured by using the twin dropping mercury electrodes, developed by the present authors. It was thus hoped that the rôle of surface active materials in stabilizing emulsions in general was clarified by the present study. Experiments were carried out by using sodium dodecylsulphate, cetylpyridinium chloride, a polyvinyl alcohol and EPANs, a group of nonionic surface active copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide at various mole ratios, as the surface active materials. All these substances showed perfect protection; mercury droplets did not coalesce at any potential of mercury surfaces, when the concentration of these substances exceeded certain values characteristic of these materials. Moreover, in the case of EPANs, the logarithm of this concentration was found to be a linear decreasing function of the HLB value of the molecule; the stabilizing power increased with increasing hydrophilic character of the molecule. The adsorption behaviour of various EPANs on to the mercury surface was also studied by measuring differential double layer capacities. It was found that the stabilization was intimately related to the formation of films of the surface active materials at the mercury-solution interfaces.
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Watanabe, A., Matsumoto, M. & Gotoh, R. The coalescence of mercury droplets in aqueous solutions in the presence of surface active materials. Kolloid-Z.u.Z.Polymere 201, 147–154 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01520499
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01520499