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Morphometrische Karyotypanalyse Einiger Schalangen-Arten

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Abstract

The karyotypes of all the 8 snake species occurring in Switzerland are described using quantitative characteristics, namely (1) relative length of the chromosomes expressed as per cent of the sum of the length of all the macro-chromosomes, (2) location of the centromere as defined by the armindex, i.e., length of the short arm divided by length of the long arm×100. Measurements were taken from 10–20 mitotic plates of every specimen. Per species, 1–4 specimens were analysed.

The data are represented in two-dimensional ideograms showing mean, standard error and standard deviation. By comparing the ideograms, karyotype differences between species are readily recognised. Furthermore, the method permits the identification and description of differences arising from pericentric inversions and interchromosomal translocations. The accurate identification of individual chromosomes also provides a basis for speculation on the possible homology between them.

A comparison of previous descriptions of chromosomes in snakes, confirms a basic karyotype of 2n=16 well defined macro-chromosomes. This basic type is common to several families. However, the three Swiss species ofNatrix have chromosomes that differ widely in size and proportions from the basic karyotype. These differences are presumed to be the result of complex rearrangements between several chromosomes.Vipera aspis has an increased chromosome number and several chromosomes show divergent morphology. It is assumed, that this karyotype has originated by centric fragmentations and pericentric inversions from the basic karyotype. Four autosomes and the sex chromosomes ofVipera aspis are morphologically identical with the corresponding elements ofVipera berus which has the basic karyotype. Homologies have therefore been suggested for the otheraspis chromosomes with those ofberus.

The merits and limitations of this method of karyotype analysis are discussed.

It has been shown cytologically that in several snake genera the female is the heterogametic sex. However, hydrolysed nuclei of erythrocytes and other interphase nuclei often contain a dark staining body not unlike the sex chromatin of mammals. It is difficult to decide whether this is in any way related do dosage compensation, since mammals show the reverse condition. Male snakes (homogametic) never showed this type of chromocentre

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  1. H. R. Kobel

    Present address: Genetisch Laboratorium der Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, Nederland

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  1. Zoologisches Museum der Universität Zürich, Schweiz

    H. R. Kobel

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Kobel, H.R. Morphometrische Karyotypanalyse Einiger Schalangen-Arten. Genetica 38, 1–31 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01507444

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