Abstract
A human episomal sequence (HALF1) has been identified by its ability to restore expression of hepatic functions when used to transfect a rat dedifferentiated cell line. The genomic equivalent of this human episome (gHALF1) and its flanking sequences were analyzed. HALF1 itself does not present the characteristics of a transposable element but half of its sequence corresponds to retroposons, including Alu and L1 repeats and a processed pseudogene, known to transposevia RNA intermediates. The structural characteristics of these different kinds of retroposons and their origin and evolution were analyzed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bailey, A. D. & C. K. Shen, 1993. Sequential insertion of Alu family repeats into specific genomic sites of higher primates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 7205–7209.
Bellanné-Chantelot, C., B. Lacroix, P. Ougen, A. Billault, S. Beaufils, S. Bertrand, I. Georges, F. Gilbert, I. Gros, G. Lucotte, L. Susini, J. J. Codani, P. Gesnouin, S. Pook, G. Vaysseix, J. LuKuo T. Ried, D. Ward, I. Chumakov, D. Le Paslier, E. Barillot & D. Cohen, 1992. Mapping the whole human genome by fingerprinting yeast artificial chromosomes. Cell 70: 1059–1069.
Bernardi, G., B. Olofson, J. Filipski, J. Zerial, J. Salinas, G. Cuny, M. Meunier-Rotival & F. Rodier, 1985. The mosaic genome of warm-blooded vertebrates. Science 228: 953–958
Boccaccio, C., F. Apiou, J. Deschatrette, A. Aurias & M. Meunier-Rotival, 1994. Chromosomal localization and sequence analysis of a human episomal sequence within vitro differentiating activity. Somat. Cell Molec. Genet. 20: 163–170.
Boccaccio, C., J. Deschatrette & M. Meunier-Rotival, 1990. Empty and occupied insertion site of the truncated LINE-1 repeat located in the mouse serum albumin-encoding gene. Gene 88: 181–186.
Britten, R. J., W. F. Baron, D. B. Stout & E. H. Davidson, 1988. Sources and evolution of human Alu repeated sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 4770–4774.
Deininger, P. L., M. A. Batzer, C. A. Hutchison III & M. H. Edgell, 1992. Master genes in mammalian repetitive DNA amplification. Trends Genet. 8: 307–311.
Dessen, P., C. Fondrat, C. Valencien & C. Mugnier, 1990. Bisance: a French service for access to biomolecular databases. Cabios 6: 355–356.
Dombroski, B. A., S. L. Mathias, E. Nanthakumar, A. F. Scott & H. H. Kazazian, 1991. Isolation of an active human transposable element. Science 254: 1805–1807.
Hattori, M., S. Kuhara, O. Takenaka & Y. Sakaki, 1986. L1 family of repetitive DNA sequences in primates may be derived from a sequence encoding a reverse transcriptase-related protein. Nature 321: 625–628.
Holmquist, G. P., 1992. Chromosome bands, their chromatin flavours and their functional features. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 51: 17–37.
Jurka, J., 1989. Subfamily structure and evolution of the human L1 family of repetitive sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 29: 496–503.
Jurka, J. 1993. A new subfamily of recently retroposed human Alu repeats. Nucleic Acids Res. 21: 2252.
Jurka, J. & A. Milosavljevic, 1991. Reconstruction and analysis of human Alu genes. J. Mol. Evol. 32: 105–121.
Jurka, J. & T. Smith, 1988. A fundamental division in the Alu family of repeated sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 4775–4778.
Jurka, J., J. Walichiewicz & A. Milosavljevic, 1992. Prototypic sequences for human repetitive DNA. J. Mol. Evol. 35: 286–291.
Korenberg, J. R. & M. C. Rykowski, 1988. Human genome organization: Alu, LINEs and the molecular structure of metaphase chromosome bands. Cell 53: 391–400.
Leeflang, E. P., W.-M. Liu, C. Hashimoto, P. V. Choudary & C. W. Schmid, 1992. Phylogenetic evidence for multiple Alu source genes. J. Mol. Evol. 35: 7–16.
Matera, A. G., U. Hellmann, M. F. Hintz & C. W. Schmid, 1990. Recently transposed Alu repeats result from multiple source genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6019–6023.
Meunier-Rotival, M., P. Soriano, G. Cuny, F. Strauss & G. Bernardi, 1982. Sequence organization and genomic distribution of the major family of interspersed repeats of mouse DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 355–359.
Ng, K. H., J. Maigné, M. Meunier-Rotival & J. Deschatrette, 1992. Cloning of a human DNA sequence that restores expression of hepatic functions in a defifferentiated rat hepatoma cell. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Commun. 188: 531–537.
Quentin, Y., 1992. Fusion of a free left Alu monomer and a free right Alu monomer at the origin of the Alu family in the primate genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 20: 487–493.
Rogers, J. H., 1985. The origin and evolution of retroposons.. Int. Rev. Cytol. 93: 187–279.
Sakaki, Y., Y. Kurata, T. Miyake & K. Saigi, 1983. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of the HindIII 1.8-kb repetitive-sequence family in the human genome. Gene 24: 179–190.
Scott, A. F., B. J. Schmeckpeper, M. Abdelrazik, C. T. Comey, B. O'Hara, J. P. Rossiter, T. Cooley, P. Heath, K. D. Smith & L. Margolet, 1987. Origin of the human L1 elements: proposed progenitor genes deduced from a consensus DNA sequence. Genomics 1: 113–125.
Singer, M. F., 1982. Highly repeated sequences in mammalian genomes. Int. Rev. Cytol. 76: 67–112.
Skowronski, J., T. G. Fanning & M. F. Singer, 1988. Unit-length LINE-1 transcripts in human teratocarcinoma cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 8: 1385–1397.
Skowronski, J. & M. F. Singer, 1986. The abundant LINE-1 family of repeated DNA sequences in mammals: genes and pseudogenes. Cold Spring, Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 51: 457–463.
Soriano, P., M. Meunier-Rotival & G. Bernardi, 1983. The distribution of interspersed repeats is nonuniform and conserved in the mouse and human genome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 1816–1820.
Yamagishi, H., 1986. Role of mammalian circular DNA in cellular differentiation. Bioessays 4: 218–221.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boccaccio, C., Deschatrette, J. & Meunier-Rotival, M. The human episome HALF1: Structure of its genomic counterpart. Genetica 93, 217–224 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01435253
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01435253