Abstract
The stability of protein and phenolic measures in excised foliage from two oak species was measured under conditions that simulated the handling and treatment of foliage during insect rearing trials. Excised foliage kept hydrated under refrigeration or insect-rearing conditions maintained stable levels of protein content, proanthocyanidins, gallotannins, total phenolics, and protein-binding capacity for up to 48 hr following field sampling. Measures of protein content, total phenolics, protein-binding capacity, and proanthocyanidins were significantly greater 48–72 hr after field sampling, followed by declines to near field levels within 120 hr.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baldwin, I.T., andSchultz, I.C. 1983. Rapid changes in tree leaf chemistry induced by damage: Evidence for communication between plants.Science 221:277–279.
Barbosa, P., Waldvogel, M., Martinat, P., andDouglass, W. 1983. Development and reproductive performance of the gypsy mothLymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), on selected hosts common to mid-atlantic and southern forests.Environ. Entomol. 12:1858–1862.
Barbosa, P., Martinat, P., andWaldvogel, M. 1986. Development, fecundity and survival of the herbivoreLymantria dispar and the number of plant species in its diet.Ecol. Entomol. 11:1–6.
Bate-Smith, E.C. 1977. Astringent tannins ofAcer species.Phytochemistry 16:1421–1426.
Berenbaum, M.R. 1983. Effects of tannins on growth and digestion in two species of papilionids.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 34:245–250.
Bernays, E.A. 1978. Tannins: An alternative viewpoint.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 24:44–53.
Bernays, E.A. 1981. Plant tannins and insect herbivores: An appraisal.Ecol. Entomol. 6:353–360.
Bernays, E.A., Chamberlain, D.J., andWoodhead, S. 1983. Phenols as nutrients for a phytophagous insectAnacridium melanorhodon.J. Insect Physiol. 29:535–539.
Bowles, D. 1990. Signals in the wounded plant.Nature 343:314–315.
Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein using the principles of protein-dye binding.Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254.
Faeth, S.H. 1985. Quantitative defense theory and patterns of feeding by oak insects.Oecologia 68:34–40.
Fox, R.L., andMacauley, B.J. 1977. Insect grazing onEucalyptus in response to variation in leaf tannins and nitrogen.Oecologia 29:145–162.
Gibbs, R.O. 1974. Chemotaxonomy of Flowering Plants. McGill-Queens University Press, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 1200 pp.
Hough, J.A., andPimentel, D. 1978. Influence of host foliage on development, survival and fecundity of the gypsy moth.Environ. Entomol. 7:97–102.
Jones, C.G., Hare, T.D., andCompton, S.J. 1989. Measuring plant protein with the Bradford assay.J. Chem. Ecol. 15:979–992.
Karowe, D.N. 1989. Differential effect of tannic acid on two tree-feeding Lepidoptera: Implications for theories of plant anti-herbivore chemistry.Oecologia 80:507–512.
Keating, S.T., Yendol, W.G., andSchultz, J.C. 1988. Relationship between susceptibility of gypsy moth larvae (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) to a baculovirus and host plant foliage constituents.Environ. Entomol. 17:952–958.
Kleiner, K.W. 1989. Sources of variation in oak leaf quality as food for the gypsy moth: implications for forest stand susceptibility. Unpublished PhD thesis. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Lawson, D.L., Merritt, R.W., Klug, M.J., andMartin, J.S. 1982. The utilization of late season foliage by the orange striped oakworm,Anisota senatoria.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 32:242–248.
Lawson, D.L., Merritt, R.W., Martin, M.M., andMartin, J.S., andKukor, J.J. 1984. The nutritional ecology of larvae ofAlsophila pometaria andAnisota senatoria feeding on earlyand late-season oak foliage.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 35:105–114.
Manuwoto, S., Scriber, J.M., Hsia, M.T., andSunarjo, P. 1985. Antibiosis/antixenosis in tulip tree and quaking aspen leaves against the polyphagous southern armyworm,Spodoptera eridania.Oecologia 67:1–7.
Miller, W.E. 1987. Changes in nutritional quality of detached aspen and willow foliage used as insect food in the laboratory.Great Lakes Entomol. 20:41–45.
Niemeyer, H.M., Pesel, E., Copaja, S.V., Bravo, H.R., Franke, S., andFrancke, W. 1989. Changes in hydroxamic acid levels of wheat plants induced by aphid feeding.Phytochemistry 28:447–449.
Puttick, G.M. 1986. Utilization of evergreen and deciduous oaks by the Californian oak mothPhryganidia californica.Oecologia 68:589–594.
Raupp, M.J., Werren, J.H., andSadof, C.S. 1988. Effects of short-term phenological changes in leaf suitability on the survivorship, growth and development of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae.Environ. Entomol. 17:316–319.
Rossiter, M.C., Schultz, J.C. andBaldwin, I.T. 1988. Relationships among defoliation, red oak phenolics, and gypsy moth growth and reproduction.Ecology 69:267–277.
Schultz, J.C., andBaldwin, I.T. 1982. Oak leaf quality declines in response to defoliation by gypsy moth larvae.Science 217:149–151.
Schultz, J.C., Baldwin, I.T., andNothnagle, P.J. 1981. Hemoglobin as a binding substrate in the quantitative analysis of plant tannins.J. Agric. Food Chem. 29:823–826.
Scriber, J.M. 1977. Limiting effects of low leaf-water content on the nitrogen utilization, energy budget, and larval growth ofHyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae).Oecologia 28:269–287.
Scriber, J.M. 1978. The effects of larval feeding specialization and plant growth form on the consumption and utilization of plant biomass and nitrogen: An ecological consideration.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 24:494–510.
Swain, T., andHillis, W.E. 1959. The phenolic constituents ofPrunus domestica.J. Sci. Food Agric. 10:63–68.
Tallamy, D.W. 1985. Squash beetle feeding behavior: An adaptation against induced cucurbit defenses.Ecology 66:1574–1579.
Wint, G.R.W. 1983. The effect of foliar nutrients upon the growth and feeding of a Lepidopteran larva, pp. 301–320,in J.A. Lee, S. McNeill, and I.H. Rorison (eds.). Nitrogen as an Ecological Factor. 22nd Symposium of the British Ecological Society, Oxford 1981. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kleiner, K.W. Stability of phenolic and protein measures in excised oak foliage. J Chem Ecol 17, 1243–1251 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01402947
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01402947