Abstract
Increased levels of nitrate occur in natural waters due to pollution, and in aquaculture systems from nitrification and addition of microalgal cultures for feeding. Static bioassays showed that significant mortality of larvalPenaeus monodon (Fabricius) occurred within 40 h at nitrate concentrations as low as 1 mg NO -3 l−1. Sublethal effects of this concentration resulted in changes to ganglionic neuropiles and muscles. At higher concentrations (10 and 100 mg NO -3 l−1), additional tissues were affected including the hypodermis, midgut and proventriculus. This is the first report of toxicity to a marine organism of nitrate at concentrations normally present in enclosed seawater and mariculture systems. The results are discussed in terms of management of culture systems and of natural marine ecosystems containing elevated levels of nitrate.
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Communicated by G. F. Humphrey, Sydney
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Muir, P.R., Sutton, D.C. & Owens, L. Nitrate toxicity toPenaeus monodon protozoea. Mar. Biol. 108, 67–71 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313472
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313472