Conclusions
A production technology for unfired magnesite-graphite nozzles and headers has been developed and adopted. The components are used for steelcasting through slide gates at several metallurgical plants.
The channels of magnesite-graphite nozzles and headers do not become encrusted and significantly less deposit is formed on the header end than in magnesite and periclase-spinel headers so that the casting of various steel grades through slide gates in ingot molds and on continuous-casting equipment proceeds normally. Moreover, magnesite-graphite nozzles and headers are significantly less prone to spalling than any other type tested and can be used for several consecutive melts.
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Translated from Ogneupory, No. 11, pp. 25–33, November, 1975.
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Simonov, K.V., Shubin, G.A., Bocharov, L.D. et al. Magnesia nozzles and headers in stopperless steelcasting. Refractories 16, 688–695 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01280603
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01280603