Summary
Three different patterns of differentiation were respectively characteristic of the three types of xylem parenchyma found in trembling aspen: Non-vessel-associated ray parenchyma cells formed lignified secondary walls and, generally, a lignified isotropic layer, within one growing season; axial parenchyma cells formed thickened primary walls at the end of the growing season but did not lignify, nor form secondary walls and an isotropic layer, until the following growing season; vessel-associated ray cells (contact cells) formed a lignified, outer secondary wall and an unlignified protective layer during the first growing season but did not differentiate further until heartwood formation when, following tylosis formation, lignification of the protective layer and newly developed inner secondary wall layers occurred.
Multivesicular bodies, which derived from large Golgi vesicles and developed through small invaginations of the membrane, were associated with cell wall formation and were abundant during protective layer development. The protective layer first formed along the vessel-adjacent, secondary wall thickenings of the contact cell before death of the vessel protoplast, and subsequently formed along the pit membrane and on the opposite cell wall. The development of tylosis “initials”,i.e., the protruding, contact cell pit membranes, lined internally by protective layers, was recorded and it was observed that the formation of these protuberances and the death of the vessel protoplast did not precisely coincide.
As the evidence did not support the previous contention that the protective layer formed in response to the death of the vessel, and since information published elsewhere has revealed that contact cells are involved in metabolically mediated sugar secretion into vessels, a possible involvement in intercellular transport was considered for this layer. In this connection, the protective layer was also discussed with respect to wall structure found in “transfer cells”.
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Chafe, S.C. Cell wall formation and “protective layer” development in the xylem parenchyma of trembling aspen. Protoplasma 80, 335–354 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276350
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276350