Summary
Single photon emission tomography (SPET) permits the in vivo measurements of regional cerebral radioactivity in the human brain following the administration of compounds labeled with photon-emitting isotopes. According to our SPET findings of a reduced binding of [123I]labeled (S)-2-hydroxy-3-iodo-6-methoxy-([1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl) benzamide (IBZM) (a highly selective CNS D2 dopamine receptor ligand) to D2 dopamine receptors in striatal structures in untreated patients with nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (NMS) it seemed to be of interest to investigate whether there are changes in D2 receptor binding under dopamine replacement therapy or not. We studied the uptake and distribution of [123I]IBZM before and in the course of dopamine replacement therapy in four patients with severe insomnia caused by a nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (NMS). We found an increase of the IBZM binding to D2 receptors in the course of treatment, which was associated with an improvement of sleep quality. Reasons for this are discussed. The [123I]IBZM SPET technique in conclusion offers an interesting tool for in vivo investigations of functional changes in the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system in longitudinal studies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akpinar S (1982) Treatment of restless legs syndrome with levodopa plus benserazid. Arch Neurol 39: 739
Brodeur C, Montplaisir J, Goudbout R, Marinier R (1988) Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic movements during sleep with L-dopa. Neurology 38: 1845–1848
Brücke T, Podreka I, Angelberger P, Wenger S, Topitz A, Kufferle B, Müller C, Deecke L (1991) Dopamine D2 receptor imaging with SPECT: studies in different neuropsychiatric disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 11: 220–228
Coleman RM, Pollak CP, Weitzman ED (1980) Periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus): relation to sleep disorders. Ann Neurol 8: 416–421
Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Filloux FM, Wamsley JK (1988) Evidence for dopamine D2 receptors on cholinergic interneurons in the rat caudate-putamen. Life Sci 42: 1933–1939
Gerfen CR (1992) The neostriatal mosaic: multiple levels of compartmental organization. Trends Neurosci 15: 133–139
Greenamyre JT (1993) Glutamate-dopamine interaction in the basal ganglia: relationship to Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm [GenSect] 91: 255–269
Guilleminault C, Cetel M, Philip P (1993) Dopaminergic treatment of restless legs and rebound phenomenon. Neurology 43: 445
Innis RB, Malison RT, Al-Tikriti M, Hoffer PB, Sybirska EH, Seibyl JP, Zoghbi SS, Baldwin RM, Laruelle M, Smith EO, Charney DS, Heninger G, Elsworth JD, Roth RH (1992) Amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release competes in vivo for [123I]IBZM binding to the D2 receptor in nonhuman primates. Synapse 10: 177–184
Kung HF, Kasliwal R, Pan S, Kung M-P, Mach RH, Guo Y-Z (1988) Dopamine D2 receptor imaging radiopharmaceuticals: synthesis, radiolabeling and in vitro binding of R-(+) and S-(−)3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-[(1-ethyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl) methyl]benzamide (IBZM). J Med Chem 31: 1039–1043
Maura G, Giardi A, Raiteri M (1988) Release-regulating D2 dopamine receptors are located on striatal glutamatergic nerve terminals. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 247: 680–684
Nordström A-L, Farde L, Wiesel F-A, Forslund K, Pauli S, Halldin C, Uppfeldt G (1993) Central D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in relation to antipsychotic drug effects: a double-blind PET study of schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 33: 227–235
Reches A, Wagner HR, Jackson-Lewis V, Yablonskaya-Alter E, Fahn S (1984) Chronic levodopa or pergolide administration induces down-regulation of dopamine receptors in denervated striatum. Neurology 34: 1208–1212
Rechtschaffen A, Kales A (1968) A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Los Angeles, Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute, UCLA
Robertson MM (1990) Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Eur J Nucl Med 16: 843–845
Robertson HA (1986) Cerebral decortication reverses the effect of amphetamine on D2 dopamine binding site density. Neurosci Lett 72: 325–329
Seibyl JP, Woods SW, Zoghbi SS, Baldwin RM, Dey HM, Goddard AW, Zea-Ponce Y, Zubal G, Germine M, Smith EO, Heninger GR, Charney DS, Kung HF, Alavi A, Hoffer PB, Innis RB (1992) Dynamic SPECT imaging of dopamine D2 receptors in human subjects with iodine-123-IBZM. J Nucl Med 33: 1964–1971
Staedt J, Stoppe G, Kögler A, Munz DL, Riemann H, Emrich D, Rüther E (1993 a) Dopamine D2 receptor alteration in patients with periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus). J Neural Transm [GenSect] 93: 71–74
Staedt J, Windt H, Hajak G, Stoppe G, Rudolph G, Ensink FBM, Hildebrandt J, Rüther E (1993 b) Cluster arousal analysis in chronic pain disturbed sleep. J Sleep Res 2: 134–137
Staedt J, Stoppe G, Kögler A, Munz DL, Hajak G, Staedt U, Riemann H, Rüther E (1994) Nächtliches Myoklonie-Syndrom (NMS) und Restless Legs Syndrom (RLS). Fortschr Neurol Psychiat 62: 88–93
Tatsch K, Schwarz J, Oertel WH, Kirsch CM (1991) SPECT imaging of dopamine D2 receptors with [123I]IBZM: Initial experience in controls and patients with Parkinson's syndrome and Wilson's disease. Nucl Med Com 12: 699–707
Trendelenburg U (1966) Mechanisms of supersensitivity and subsensitivity to sympathomimetic amines. Pharmacol Rev 18: 629–640
Walters AS, Hennig WA, Kavey N, Chokroverty S, Gidro-Frank S (1988) A double-blind randomized crossover trial of bromocriptine and placebo in restless legs syndrome. Ann Neurol 24: 455–458
Zipp F, Baas H, Fischer P-A (1993) Lamotrigine—antiparkinsonian activity by blockade of glutamate release? J Neural Transm [P-D Sect] 5: 67–75
Zubal IG, Harrell C, Woods SW, Innis RB, Hoffer PB, Caride VJ, Zimmerman RE (1990) Comparison of quantitation linearity of three brain SPECT imaging instruments using Tc-99m and I-123. J Nucl Med 31: 769–770
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Staedt, J., Stoppe, G., Kögler, A. et al. Single photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging of dopamine D2 receptors in the course of dopamine replacement therapy in patients with nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (NMS). J. Neural Transmission 99, 187–193 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271478
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271478