Skip to main content
Log in

Gender understanding and sex-role stereotyping in preschoolers: Implications for caregivers

  • Articles
  • Published:
Child care quarterly Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A research review indicates that although most preschoolers see gender as a relatively stable personal attribute, they do not realize that gender is constant despite stylistic and behavioral variations. This misunderstanding contributes to a period of sex-role inflexibility. Implications for child care are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Reference Note

  • Urberg, K.A. The development of androgynous sex-role concepts in young children. Paper presented at the Society for Research in Child Development, San Francisco, 1979.

References

  • Bianchi, B.D., & Bakeman, R. Sex-typed affiliation preferences observed in preschoolers: Traditional and open school differences.Child Development 1978,49 910–912.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVries, R. Evaluation of cognitive development with Piaget-type tests: Study of young bright, average, and retarded children. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, 1971. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 075-65).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, W.O., & Von Bargen, D. Asynchronous development of gender understanding in preschool children.Child Development 1981,52 1020–1027.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, W.O., Von Bargen, D., & Keats, J.G. Gender understanding and dimensions of preschooler toy choice: Sex stereotype versus activity level.Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science 1981,13 203–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmerich, W., Goldman, K., Kirsch, B., & Sharabany, R. Evidence for a transitional phase in the development of gender constancy.Child Development 1977,48 930–936.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frasher, R.S., Nurss, J.R., & Brogan, D.R. Children's toy preferences revisited: Implications for early childhood education.Child Care Quarterly 1980,9 26–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, C.S., Ein, P.L., & Tremaine, L. The development of gender stereotyping of adult occupations in elementary school children.Child Development 1977,48 507–512.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gouze, K.R., & Nadelman, L. Constancy of gender identity for self and others in children between the ages of three and seven.Child Development 1980,51 275–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg, L.A. A cognitive-developmental analysis of children's sex-role concepts and attitudes. In E.E. Maccoby (Ed.),The development of sex differences. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, D., Nash, S.C., & Brucken, L. Sex role concepts of two- and three-year-olds.Child Development 1978,49 445–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marantz, S.A., & Mansfield, A.F. Maternal employment and the development of sex-role stereotyping in five- to eleven-year-old girls.Child Development 1977,48 668–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, D.E., & Overton, W.F. The development of cognitive gender constancy and sex-prole preferences,Child Development 1978,49 434–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConaghy, M.J. Gender permanence and the genital basis of gender: Stages in the development of constancy of gender identity.Child Development 1979,50 1223–1226.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConaghy, M.J. The gender understanding of Swedish children.Child Psychiatry and Human Development 1980,11 19–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruble, D.N., Balaban, T., & Cooper, J. Gender constancy and the effects of sex-typed televised toy commercials.Child Development 1981,52 667–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serbin, L.A., Tonick, I.J., & Sternglanz, S.H. Shaping cooperative cross-sex play.Child Development 1977,48 924–929.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slaby, R.G., & Frey, K.S. Development of gender constancy and selective attention to same-sex models.Child Development 1975,46 849–856.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, S.K. Gender labels and early sex-role development.Child Development 1975,46 339–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.E., Bennett, S.M., & Best, D.L. Awareness and expression of sex stereotypes in young children.Developmental Psychology 1975,11 635–642.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This work has been supported by research grants from the University of Manitoba Research Board and from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Mary M. Eaton's helpful comments on drafts of this paper are gratefully acknowledged.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Eaton, W.O. Gender understanding and sex-role stereotyping in preschoolers: Implications for caregivers. Child Youth Care Forum 12, 28–35 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01258077

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01258077

Keywords

Navigation