Ion-pair adsorption film colorimetry — A new simple method for ppb level of aluminum ion in water sample

Abstract

A new, highly sensitive and simple colorimetric method for trace aluminum(III) with 2,2′-dihydroxyazobenzene, H₂L, is described, based on the ion-pair adsorption of the anionic Al chelate, [A1L₂ ⁻, with crystal violet cation, CV⁺, on the surface of Polyvinylchloride film plasticized with dioctylphthalate. The blue violet species, CV⁺[A1L₂]⁻, is enriched onto the transparent film, leading to a remarkable enhancement of the sensitivity, and the detection limits are 3 ng/ml by spectrophotometry and 5 ng/ml by visual colorimetry, respectively. Using spectrophotometer, a linear calibration curve is obtained over the concentration range of 0 to 50 ng/ml of Al. Further, the color system, consisting of red ([A1L₂]⁻), yellow (H₂L), and blue violet (CV⁺), gave clear color changes suitable for visual determination of aluminum with an applicable range of 0 to above 3000 ng/ml. The four different color zones are khaki for 0–5 ng/ml, reddish-brown for 5–200 ng/ml, blue violet for 200 ng/ml-3μg/ml, and colorless for more than 3μg/ml. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of aluminum in tap waters.