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Polarographic and voltammetric methods for the determination of elements

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Summary

Measurements of the correlations between current, voltage and time, when microelectrodes are used, yield qualitative and quantitative information on the elemental composition of the solution investigated, if the method of measurement is properly chosen. Instrumental development today makes it possible, even at electrodes which make measurement difficult, such as the classical dropping mercury electrode, to obtain more reliable information on detection limits and number of elements detectable, by taking into account the functional interdependence of interference parameters and signal generation. Simultaneous determination of several components is possible, especially with non-linear a. c. polarography. If particular electroanalytical methods are combined with separation and precon-centration steps (e. g. electrolytic or solvent extraction), the sensitivity and selectivity of the determination are considerably increased.

Zusammenfassung

Die Messung der Beziehungen zwischen Strom, Spannung und Zeit an stromdurchflossenen Mikroelektroden ergibt qualitative und quantitative Informationen über die Element-Zusammensetzung der Lösung. Durch Wahl geeigneter Meßverfahren erhält man auch mit meßtechnisch schwierigen Elektroden, z. B. der klassischen tropfenden Quecksilberelektrode, zuverlässige Aussagen über die Zahl der bestimmbaren Elemente und ihre Bestimmungsgrenze.

Die gleichzeitige Bestimmung mehrerer Komponenten ist besonders mit nichtlinearen wechselstrompolarographischen Techniken (z. B. der Ober-wellenpolarographie) möglich. Wenn das jeweilige elektroanalytische Verfahren noch mit einem Trennungs- und Anreicherungsvorgang (z. B. Lösungsmittelextraktion oder einer Elektrolyse) verbunden wird, können Empfindlichkeit und Selektivität der Bestimmung beträchtlich erhöht werden.

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Neeb, R. Polarographic and voltammetric methods for the determination of elements. Mikrochim Acta 69, 305–318 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01201735

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