Abstract
The fracture characteristics of 20% cold worked Type 316 stainless steel irradiated at 377–400°C to a fluence of 11 × 1022n/cm2 (E > 0.1 MeV) were evaluated based on SEM fractography andJ-integral fracture toughness data. Compact tension specimens were tested at temperatures ranging from 232 to 649°C. A significant reduction in fracture toughness after irradiation was observed, which correlated well with the fracture morphology of the material. It was found that irradiation induces a shift in the transgranular-intergranular fracture transition temperature to a lower temperature. Irradiated specimens exhibited transgranular channel fracture from 232 to 538°C and intergranular fracture at 649°C, while unirradiated specimens failed in a transgranular ductile fracture mode up to 549°C. SEM fractographs revealed plate-like, faceted fracture surfaces of irradiated specimens. The faceted fracture appearance is associated with flow localization and dislocation channeling, phenomena that undoubtedly contribute to the decrease in fracture toughness. The possibility that ordered γ′-phase particles are partially responsible for the reduced toughness as well as for irradiation hardening is discussed.
Résumé
En utilisant la fractographie SEM et des données de ténacité à la rupture basées sur l'intégrale J, on a évalue les caractéristiques à la rupture d'un acier inoxydable type 316 écroui de 20% et irradié à 377–400°C sous un flux intégré de 11.1022 n/cm2 (c > 0.1 MeV).
Des éprouvettes de traction compactes ont été soumises à essai à des températures comprises entre 232 et 649°C. On a observé une réduction significative de la ténacité à la rupture due à l'irradiation, ceci étant confirmé par la morphologie de la rupture. L'irradiation provoque un glissement de la température de transition de rupture intergranulaire-transgranulaire vers une température plus basse. Des échantillons irradiés ont fait état d'une rupture transgranulaire entre 232 et 530°C et d'une rupture intergranulaire à 649°C.
Par contre, des échantillons non irradiés se sont rompus de manière transgranulaire jusqu'à 649°C. Les microfractographies révèlent, sur les éprouvettes irradiées, des surfaces de rupture à facettes, qui sont associées à une localisation de l'écoulement plastique et à une concentration des dislocations, phénomène qui, sans nul doute, contribue à réduire la ténacité à la rupture. On discute de la possibilité d'une responsabilité partielle de particules de phase y' dans la réduction de la ténacité et dans le durcissement dus à l'irradiation.
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Huang, F.H. The fracture characterization of highly irradiated Type 316 stainless steel. Int J Fract 25, 181–193 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01140836
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01140836