Summary
The kinetics of reactions between ions of opposite charge have been studied in concentrated salt solutions of supporting electrolytes. An increase in rate constant is observed at the higher concentrations of supporting electrolytes. The results are discussed in connection with kinetic salt effects on reactions between similary charged ions. It is concluded that the positive salt effects observed in all cases can be explained either as a consequence of nonequilibrium solvation in the transition state or as a result of solvent reorganisation in the activation process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. R. Velasco, F. Sánchez Burgos and A. G. Santana,Ion, 37, 432 (1977).
E. Abel,Helv. Chim. Acta, 33, 7855 (1950).
A. A. Frost and R. G. Pearson,Kinetics and Mechanism, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1953, p. 138.
K. Schwabe,Electroanalytical Chemistry, H. W. Nurnberg (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, London, 1974, Vol. 10, p. 538.
S. M. Jorgensen,Z. Anorg. Chem., 5, 168 (1894); I. R. Beattle and D. P. N. Satchell,Trans. Faraday Soc., 52, 1590 (1956); W. H. Hohman,J. Chem. Ed., 51, 553 (1974); B. Adell,Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 271, 49 (1952); E. W. Jackson, G. A. Lawrence, P. A. Lay and A. M. Sargenson,Aus. J. Chem., 35,1561 (1982); W. G. Jackson, G. A. Lawrence, P. A. Lay and A. M. Sargenson,Inorg. Chem., 19, 904 (1980) (FromJ. Chem. Ed., 58, 734 (1981)).
J. Burgess and R. H. Prince,J. Chem. Soc. (A), 1772 (1966); D. H. Irvine,J. Chem. Soc., 2977 (1959); J. Burgess and R. H. Prince,J. Chem. Soc. (A), 2111 (1970); M. J. Blandamer, J. Burgess, P. P. Duce and R. I. Haines,J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2442 (1980); J. Burgess,J. Chem. Soc. (A), 2571 (1968).
J. Barret and J. H. Baxendale,Trans. Faraday Soc., 52, 210 (1956); A. Haim and N. Sutin,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 88, 5343 (1966); R. D. Cannon and J. S. Stillman,J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 428 (1976).
J. O'M. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy,Modern Electrochemistry, Plenum Press, New York, 1970, Vol. 1, p. 243–246.
F. Sánchez Burgos, F. Pablos Pons, E. Dobarganes García and Rodríguez Velasco,An. Quim., 80, 683 (1984).
M. C. Carmona Guzmán, J. Velasco Toscano, E. Dobarganes Garcia and F. Sánchez Burgos,An. Quím., 80, 381 (1984).
P. Pérez Tejeda, J. Rodriguez Velasco and F. Sánchez Burgos,J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2679 (1983).
M. Zielinska-Ignaciuk and Z. Galus,J. Electroanal. Chem., 50, 41 (1974).
M. H. Dunn and J. J. Kozak,J. Chem. Phys., 76, 984 (1982).
A. I. Khokhlova, L. P. Shishin and G. E. Chernikova,Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 57, 1653 (1983).
H. Bruhn, S. Nigam and J. F. Holzwart,Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 74, 129 (1982).
V. A. Gorodyskii,Kinet. and Catal., 17, 1007 (1977).
R. Alexander, E. C. F. Ko., A. J. Parker and J. T. Broxton,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90, 5049 (1968).
M. H. Abraham and M. K. Abraham,Prog. Phys. Org. Chem., 11, 2 (1974).
V. A. Gorodiyskii,Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 58, 1515 (1984).
J. Bertrán and F. Sánchez Burgos,J. Chem. Ed., 61, 416 (1984).
S. D. Hamann,Aust. J. Chem., 37, 867 (1984).
E. F. Caldin and H. P. Bennetoo,The Physical Chemistry of Aqueous Systems, R. L. Kay, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, 1973, p. 129–131.
J. Rodriguez Velasco, F. Sánchez Burgos, M. C. Carmona Guzmán and J.Hidalgo Toledo,An. Quim., 80, 173 (1984).
H. S. Harned and B. B. Owen,The Physical Chemistry of Electrolyte Solutions, Reinhold Pub. Co., New York, 1958, p. 514.
R. G. Wilkins,Ace. Chem. Res., 3, 408 (1970).
R. G. Wilkins,Quart. Rev., 16, 316 (1962).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Burgess, J., Sánchez, F., Morillo, E. et al. Salt effects in reactions between ions of opposite charge. Transition Met Chem 11, 166–169 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01064249
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01064249