Abstract
Ammonia desorption chemical ionization (D/CI) tandem mass spectrometry (method A), isobutane D/CI tandem mass spectrometry using reactive collisions with ammonia (method B), and gas chromatography negative CI (GC-NCI) tandem mass spectrometry (method C) were compared for the detection and quantitation of trichothecenes in spiked human plasma and wheat samples. The trichothecenes were analyzed as their heptafluorobutyrate (HFB) esters in method C and without derivatization using the direct exposure probe in methods A and B. The instrument was operated in the multiple reaction mode. With standard solutions, the detection limits were about two orders of magnitude better with method C (0.1–2 pg) than with methods A and B. The trichothecenes could be detected in the spiked samples at lower concentration levels by method C (0.001 (μg g−1) than by methods A and B (0.01–0.1 μg g−1), since the sensitivity and selectivity of method C were better than those of methods A and B. Because of the need of derivatization, method C was more timeconsuming than methods A and B. Iso-T-2 was used as an internal standard in method C and a steroid nandrolone in methods A and B. The linearities and reproducibilities of the quantitation were better with methods A and C than with method B.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Begley P, Black RM, Foulger BE, Jeffery PD, Read RW (1986) Detection of trace levels of trichothecenes in human blood using capillary gas chromatography-electron-capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 367:87–101
Black RM, Clarke RJ, Read RW (1986) Detection of trace levels of trichothecenes mycotoxins in human urine by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 367:103–115
— (1987) Detection of trace levels of trichothecene mycotoxins in environmental residues and foodstuffs using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric or electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr 338:365–378
D'Agostino PA, Provost LR, Drover DR (1986) Analysis of trichothecene mycotoxins in human blood by capillary column gas chromatography-ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 367:77–86
Dusold LR, Pohland AE, Dreifuss PA, Spohn JA (1978) Mycotoxins: Mass spectral data bank, U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bureau of Foods Division of Chemistry and Physics
Harrison AG (1982) Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, Florida, p 64
Kientz CF, Verweij A (1986) Trimethylisilylation and trifluoroacetylation of a number of trichothecenes followed by gas chromatographic analysis on fused silica columns. J Chromatogr 355:229–240
Kostiainen R, Hesso A, Kotiaho T (1986a) In Rautio M (ed) Systematic identification of mycotoxins; B.5. Identification of selected trichothecenes, aflatoxins and related mycotoxins. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, Helsinki, pp 53–84, 137–138, 159–179
Kostiainen R, Hesso A, Kotiaho T, Rizzo A (1986b) Determination of T-2, HT-2, and DON as their heptafluorobutyrate derivates using tandem mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization Proc 2nd Symp Protection Against Chemical Warfare Agents, Stockholm, Sweden 15–19 June. pp 427–428
Kostiainen R, Hesso A (1988) Characterization of trichothecenes by ammonia chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 15:79–87
Kostiainen R, Rizzo A (in press 1988) The characterization of trichothecenes as their heptafluorobutyrate esters by negative ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta
Kostiainen R (1987) The use of reactive collisions in tandem mass spectrometry for the characterization of trichothecenes. International Symposium on Applied Mass Spectrometry in the Health Sciences, Barcelona, September 28–30, Abstracts p 64
- (in press) Characterization of trichothecenes by tandem mass spectrometry using reactive collisions Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom
Krishnamurthy T, Sarver EW (1987) Detection and quantification of picogram amounts of macrocyclic trichothecenes in brazilian baccharis plants by direct chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 1272-1278
Krishnamurthy T, Wasserman MB, Sarver EW (1986) Mass spectral investigations on trichothecene mycotoxins. I. Application of negative ion chemical ionization techniques for the simultaneous and accurate analysis of simple trichothecenes in picogram levels. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 13:503–518
Mirocha CJ, Chatterjee K, Hayes W, Pawlowsky RA, Watson S (1983) Analysis for fusarium toxins in various samples implicated in biological warfare in Southeast Asia. J Assoc Offic Anal Chem 66:1485–1499
Rizzo AF, Lindfors E, Saari L (1986) Derivatization of trichothecenes and water treatment of their trimethylsilyl ethers in an anhydrous apolar solvent. J Chromatogr 368:381–386
Rood Jr. HD, Buck WB, Swanson SP (1986) Rapid screening procedure for the detection of trichothecenes in plasma and urine. J Chromatogr 378:375–383
Rosen RT, Rosen DR (1982) Presence of four fusarium mycotoxins and synthetic material in yellow rain. Biomed Mass Spectrom 9:443–450
Scott PM, Kanhere R (1986) Comparison of column phases for separation of derivatized trichothecenes by capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr 368:374–380
Smith RD, Udseth HR (1983) Mass spectrometry with direct supercritical fluid injection. Anal Chem 55:2266–2272
Smith RD, Kalinoski HT, Udseth HR, Wright BW (1986) Supercritical fluid extraction and direct fluid injection mass spectrometry for the determination of trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat samples. Anal Chem 58:2421–2425
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kostiainen, R., Rizzo, A. & Hesso, A. The analysis of trichothecenes in wheat and human plasma samples by chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18, 356–364 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01062360
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01062360