Abstract
The addition of fulvic acid to clay suspensions (kaolinite, illite or montmorrillonite) resulted in increased uptake of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn ions over the pH range 3 to 6, due to the limited solubility of one of the metal-fulvate species formed. At higher pH values, residual metal ion was retained in solution, instead of precipitating as hydroxy species.
The amount of total metal ion found in solution at equilibrium was determined by the quantity and type of clay added; the amount of organic acid present; and to a lesser extent, pH. The behavior of the clay-fulvic acid systems differed from that observed using other organic materials such as gelatine, tannic acid or a humic acid.
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Slavek, J., Pickering, W.F. The effect of pH on the retention of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn by clay-fulvic acid mixtures. Water Air Soil Pollut 16, 209–221 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01046855
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01046855