Skip to main content
Log in

Encopresis in a multihandicapped child: Rapid multidisciplinary treatment

  • Published:
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An 8-year-old child with cognitive, behavioral, and speech and language impairments presented to a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment center with long-standing secondary encopresis. The medical and behavioral literature is reviewed. The case is used to illustrate how: (1) secondary encopresis is often unreported because parents and some health professionals assume it is a natural part of the syndrome of disabilities of a multiply handicapped child; (2) it can present as a social emergency when community agencies are inconvenienced by this symptom; (3) a multidisciplinary team, using community resources, can successfully treat this symptom in the face of a number of factors which generally point toward a poor prognosis for rapid elimination of this symptom. Health professionals are urged to routinely inquire about secondary encopresis to insure that this symptom is not ignored.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anthony, E. J. (1957). An experimental approach to the psychopathology of childhood encopresis.Brit. J. Med. Psychol. 30:146–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azrin, N. H., and Foxx, R. M. (1971). A rapid method of toilet training the institutionalized retarded.J. Appl. Behav. Anal. 4:89–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bax, M. (1990). Managing incontinence.Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 32:471–472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bemporad, J. R., Pfeifer, C. M., Gibbs, L., Cortner, R. H., and Bloom, W. (1971). Characteristics of encopretic patients and their families.J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiat. 10:272–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bemporad, J. R., and Hallowell, E. (1987). Adances in treatment of disorders of elimination. In Noshpitz, T. D. (ed.),Basic Handbook of Child Psychiatry, Vol. 5, Basic Books, New York, pp. 429–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blechman, E. (1981). Toward comprehensive behavioral family intervention. An algorithm for matching families and intervention.Behav. Mod. 5:221–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borenstein, P., Strum, C., Retztaff, P., Kirby, K., and Chong, H. (1981). Paradoxical instruction in the treatment of encopresis and chronic constipation: An experimental analysis.J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiat. 12:146–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, G. A., and Cantwell, D. P. (1980). Unmasking masked depression in children and adolescents.Am. J. Psychiat. 137:445–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doleys, D. M., Schwartz, M. S., and Ciminero, A. R. (1981). Elimination problems: Enuresis and encopresis. In Mash, E. J., and Terdal, L. G. (eds.),Behavioral Assessment of Childhood Disorders, The Guilford Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easson, W. M. (1960).Encopresis. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 82:624–628.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eiser, C. (1984). Communicating with sick and hospitalized children.J. Child Psychol. Psychiat. 25:181–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleisher, D. R. (1976). Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of defection in children.Pediatr. Anal. 5:700–722.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabel, S., Chandra, R., and Shindledecker, R. (1988). Behavioral rating and outcome of medical treatment for encopresis.J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 9:129–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gavanski, M. (1971). Treatment of non-retentive secondary encopresis with imipramine and psychotherapy.Can. Med. Assoc. J. 104:46–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gram, P. (1986).Child Psychiatry: A Developmental Approach. Oxford Medical Publications, New York, pp. 598–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groves, J. A. (1982). Interdisciplinary treatment of encopresis in individuals with developmental disorders: Needs and efficacy. In Hollis, J. H., and Meyers, C. E. (eds.),Life Threatening Behavior: Analysis and Intervention, American Association on Mental Deficiency, Washington, D.C., pp. 279–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, W. I. (1977). The treatment of encopretic children.J. Amer. Acad. Child Psychiat. 16:478–499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatch, T. F. (1988). Encopresis and constipation in children.Pediatr. Clin. North America 35: 257–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansson, L. M., and Demb, H. B. (1990). Encopresis in the cerebral palsy population: A hidden disability, Paper submitted for presentation at the 1990 annual meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine.

  • Levine, M. D. (1975). Children with encopresis: A descriptive analysis.Pediatrics 56:412–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, M. D., and Bakow, H. (1976). Children with encopresis: A study of treatment outcome.Pediatrics 58:845–852.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, M. D. (1982). Encopresis: Its potentiation, evaluation and alleviation.Pediatr. Clin. North America 29:315–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, M. D. (1986).Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 586–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., Yule, W. and Graham, P. (1970). A neuropsychiatric study in childhood.Clinics in Developmental Medicine, 35/36. S.I.M.P. with Heinemann, London, p. 196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, J., and Richman, N. (1978). Behavior, language and development in three-year-old children.J. Aut. Child. Schiz. 8:299–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wald, A. (1981). Use of biofeedback in treatment of fecal incontinence in patients with meningomyelocele.Pediatrics 68:45–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, L. S. (1973).Child Behavior Modification: A Manual for Teachers, Nurses, and Parents, Pergamon Press, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Wendt, L., Simila, S., Niskanen, P., and Jarvelin, M.-R. (1990). Development of bowel and bladder control in the mentally retarded.Devel. Med. Child Neurol. 32:515–518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolters, W. H. G. (1974). A comparative study of behavioral aspects in encopretic children.Psychother. Psychosom. 24:86–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, L. (1975). Outcome of a standardized program for treating psychogenic encopresis.Prof. Psychol. 453–456.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jansson, L.M., Diamond, O. & Demb, H.B. Encopresis in a multihandicapped child: Rapid multidisciplinary treatment. J Dev Phys Disabil 4, 83–90 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01046343

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01046343

Key Words

Navigation