Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A phylogenetic analysis of the lichen familySphaerophoraceae (Caliciales); a new generic classification and notes on character evolution

  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A phylogenetic analysis of the familySphaerophoraceae (Caliciales, lichenized ascomycetes) has resulted in a new generic classification. Notes on character evolution are given. The generaSphaerophorus s. str.,Bunodophoron andLeifidium, gen. nov., are accepted.Pleurocybe andPseudosphaerophorus are considered synonyms ofBunodophoron andThysanophoron is considered synonym toSphaerophorus. The following new combinations are proposed:Bunodophoron coomerense (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. diplotypum (Vain.)Wedin,B. dodgei (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. flaccidum (Kantvilas & Wedin)Wedin,B. formosanum (Zahlbr.)Wedin,B. imshaugii (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. insigne (Laurer)Wedin,B. kinabaluense (M. Satô)Wedin,B. macrocarpum (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. madagascareum (Nyl.)Wedin,B. microsporum (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. murrayi (Ohlsson)Wedin,B. notatum (Tibell)Wedin,B. ohlssonii (Wedin)Wedin,B. patagonicum (C. W. Dodge)Wedin,B. ramuliferum (I. M. Lamb)Wedin,B. scrobiculatum (C. Bab.)Wedin,B. tibellii (Wedin)Wedin,B. whakapapaense (Wedin)Wedin, andLeifidium tenerum (Laurer)Wedin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Acharius, E., 1803: Methodus qua omnes detectos Lichenum. — Stockholm.

  • Aptroot, A., 1991: A monograph of thePyrenulaceae (excludingAnthracothecium andPyrenula) and theRequienellaceae, theTrypetheliaceae andMycomicrothelia (lichenized and non-lichenizedAscomycetes). — Bibliotheca Lichenol.44: 1–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, J. M., 1988: Choosing among multiple equally parsimonious cladograms. — Cladistics4: 291–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choisy, M., 1957: Tableau d'une classification (archeophyletique) des ascolichens. — Bull. Soc. Bot. France104: 330–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciferri, R., Tomaselli, R., 1953: Saggio di una sistematica micolichenologica. — Atti Ist. Bot. Labor. Crittogamico Univ. pavia, serie 5,10: 25–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culberson, C. F., Hale, M. E., Tønsberg, T., Johnson, A., 1984: New depsides from the lichensDimelaena oreina andFuscidea viridis. — Mycologia76: 148–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillenius, J., 1742 [“1741”]: Historia Muscorum: inqua circiter sexcentae species ⋯ — Oxford.

  • Dixon, P. S., 1959: Notes on two important algal herbaria. — Brit. Phycol. Bull.2: 35–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1963: Further comments on the typification ofHudson's algae. — Brit. Phycol. Bull.2: 265–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, C. W., 1966: New lichens from Chile, I. — Nova Hedwigia12: 307–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Rietz, G. E., 1925: Flechtensystematische Studien. VI. — Bot. Not. 1925: 362–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, O. E., Hawksworth, D. L., 1991: Outline of the ascomycetes—1990. — Syst. Ascomyc.9: 37–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farr, E. R., Leussink, J. A., Stafleau, F. A., 1979: Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Vol. III. — Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farris, J. S., 1969: A successive approximations approach to character weighting. — Syst. Zool.18: 374–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • - 1988: Hennig 86. Version 1.5. — New York: Published by the author.

  • Filson, R. B., 1986: Studies in the Macquarie Island lichens 3: The genusSphaerophorus. — Muelleria6: 169–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsell, K. B. J., 1883: Studier öfver cephalodierna. — Bihang till Kung. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. handl.8 (3: 1–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galloway, D. J., 1985: Flora of New Zealand. Lichens. — Wellington: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greuter, W. & al., 1988: International code of botanical nomenclature. — Reg. Veg.118: 1–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, M. E., 1983: The biology of lichens. 3rd edn. — London: Edvard Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R. C., 1989: A sketch of the familyPyrenulaceae (Melanommatales) in Eastern North America. — Mem. New York Bot. Gard.49: 74–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, D. L., Presch, W., 1991: The effect of ordered characters on phylogenetic reconstruction. — Cladistics7: 243–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henssen, A., Jahns, H. M., 1973 (“1974”): Lichenes. Eine Einführung in die Flechtenkunde. — Stuttgart: George Thieme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawksworth, D. L., Sutton, B. C., Ainsworth, G. C., 1983:Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi. — Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, G. F., 1789: Descriptio et adumbratio Plantarum e classe CryptogamiaLinnaei quae Lichenes dicuntur. Vol. I, fasc. 1. — Leipzig.

  • - 1792: Descriptio et adumbratio Plantarum e classe CryptogamiaLinnaei quae Lichenes dicuntur. Vol. II, fasc. 2. — Leipzig.

  • - 1796: Deutschlands Flora oder Botanisches Taschenbuch. — Erlangen.

  • Howe, R. H., 1912: The lichens of the Linnaean Herbarium with remarks on Acharian material. — Bull. Torrey Bot. Club39: 199–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, W., 1762: Flora Anglica, exhibens Plantas per Regnum Angliae sponte crescente. — London.

  • Humboldt, F. A. v., 1793: Florale Fribergensis, specimen Plantas Cryptogamicas ⋯ — Berlin.

  • Huneck, S., Tibell, L., 1985: The chemistry ofSphaerophorus scrobiculatus. — J. Hattori Bot. Lab.58: 203–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahns, H. M., v. d. Knapp, P., 1973: Die FlechtengattungHeterodea Nyl. Systematik und Ontogenie der Fruchtkörper. — Herzogia2: 437–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kantvilas, G., Wedin, M., 1992: A new species ofSphaerophorus (Caliciales) with a revised key to the genus in Tasmania. — Nova Hedwigia54: 493–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krempelhuber, A. v., 1869: Geschichte und Literatur der Lichenologie. Band II. — München.

  • Kukkonen, I., Viljamaa, K., 1973: Linnaean specimens in the Botanical Museum of the University of Helsinki. — Ann. Bot. Fenn.10: 309–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurer, F., 1827:Sieber'sche Lichenen. — Linnaea2: 38–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linnaeus, C., 1753: Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas. — Stockholm.

  • - 1767: Mantissa plantarum. — Stockholm.

  • Massalongo, A. B., 1861: Lichenes Capenses quos collegit in itinere 1857–1858 DrWawra ⋯ — Mem. Imperiale Reale Istituto Veneto Di Scienze, lettere ed arti10: 33–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelius, P. A., 1729: Nova plantarum genera juxtaTournefortii methodum disposita ⋯ — Florence.

  • Murray, J., 1960: Studies of the New Zealand lichens. I — TheConiocarpineae. — Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand88: 177–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, J. (“Müller Argoviensis”), 1884: Lichenologische Beiträge XX. — Flora67: 613–621.

    Google Scholar 

  • Necker, N. J., 1771: Methodus Muscorum per classes, ordines, genera et species cum synonymis ⋯ — Mannheim.

  • - 1790: Elementa botanica. — Neuwied.

  • Nylander, W., 1869: Exemplum cephalodiorum inSphaerophoro. — Flora52: 68–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohlsson, K., 1973: A revision of the lichen genusSphaerophorus. — Thesis. Michigan State University. Available through Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

  • Persoon, C. H., 1794a: Einige Bermerkungen über die Flechten: Nebst Beschreibungen einiger neuer Arten aus dieser Familie der Aftermoose. — Ann. Bot. (Usteri)7: 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1794b: Nähere Bestimmung und Beschreibungen einiger sich nahe verwandter Pflanzen. — Ann. Bot.11: 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petiver, J., 1703: Museii Petiverani Centurii X. — London.

  • Poelt, J., 1974 (“1973”): Classification. — InAhmadjian, V., Hale, M. E., (Eds): The Lichens, pp. 599–659. — New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray, J., 1724: Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannicum ⋯ Ed. III. — London.

  • Räsänen, V., 1943: Das System der Flechten. — Acta Bot. Fenn.33: 1–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satô, M., 1966: Revision of the New Zealand lichens. — Miscell. Bryol. Lichenol.4: 45–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1967: A new genus of the lichen familySphaerophoraceae. — Miscell. Bryol. Lichenol.4: 107–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Special Committee for Lichens, 1954: — Taxon3: 235–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirton, J., 1883: On Lichens (1) from New Foundland, collected by MrA. Gray, with a list of the species; (2) from New Zealand; (3) from the south of Scotland. — Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh14: 355–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibell, J., 1981: Formation of spore ornamentation in twoSphaerophorus species. — Nordic J. Botany1: 333–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1984: A reappraisal of the taxonomy ofCaliciales. — Nova Hedwigia Beih.79: 597–713.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1985: Comments onCaliciales Exsiccatae III. — The Lichenologist17: 189–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1987: AustralasianCaliciales. — Symb. Bot. Upsal.27 (1: 1–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tönsberg, T., 1992: The sorediate and isidiate, corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway. — Sommerfeltia14: 1–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vainio, E. A., 1922: Lichenographia Fennica II. — Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn.53: 1–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vobis, G., 1980: Bau und Entwicklung der Flechten-Pycnidien und ihrer Conidien. — Bibliotheca Lichenol.14: 1–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang-Yang, J.-R., Lai, M.-J., 1976: Notes on the lichen genusSphaerophorus Pers. of Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species. — Taiwania21: 83–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wedin, M., 1990: Ascocarp and spore ontogeny in two species ofSphaerophorus (Caliciales). — Nordic J. Bot.10: 539–545.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1991: Spore ontogeny ofSphaerophorus diplotypus andS. fragilis. — InGalloway, D. J., (Ed.): Tropical lichens: their systematics, conservation, and ecology. — Syst. Assoc. Spec. Vol.43: 245–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1992: Taxonomic and distributional notes on the genusSphaerophorus (Caliciales) in the Southern Hemisphere. — Lichenologist24: 119–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1991: Two new species ofSphaerophorus (Caliciales) from New Zealand. — New Zealand J. Bot.29: 287–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, N. M., 1776: Genera Plantarum vocabulis Characteristiscis definita. — Danzig.

  • Zahlbruckner, A., 1903: Lichenes. — InEngler, A., Prantl, K., (Eds): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, I. Teil. — Leipzig: Engelmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • - 1922: Catalogus Lichenes Universalis I. — Leipzig.

  • - 1932: Catalogus Lichenes Universalis VIII. — Leipzig.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systematic Botany, Uppsala University, Villav. 6, S-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden

    Mats Wedin

Authors
  1. Mats Wedin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wedin, M. A phylogenetic analysis of the lichen familySphaerophoraceae (Caliciales); a new generic classification and notes on character evolution. Pl Syst Evol 187, 213–241 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00994100

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00994100

Key words

Search

Navigation