Skip to main content
Log in

Deterministic properties of separable and cross median filters with an application to block truncation coding

  • Published:
Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we present some deterministic properties of separable and cross median filters. It is proved that in the absence of vertical binary oscillations, the roots of a separable median filter are included in a subset of root signals of the corresponding cross median filter. Moreover, the sufficient and necessary condition is given for a point to be invariant to cross median filtering. On the root structures of cross median filters, we indicate that there exist three different types of regions based on the one-dimensional features of rows and columns. Finally, an application example is discussed where the roots of separable and cross median filters are used in block truncation coding (BTC) for image compression.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B.I. Justusson, “Median Filtering: Statistical Properties,” inTopics in Applied Physics, Two-Dimensional Digital Signal Processing II, T.S. Huang, ed., Berlin: Springer, pp. 161–196, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  2. S.G. Tyan, “Median Filtering: Deterministic Properties,” inTopics in Applied Physics, Two-Dimensional Digital Signal Processing II. T.S. Huang, ed., Berlin: Springer, pp. 197–217, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  3. N.C. Gallagher, Jr., and G.L. Wise, “A Theoretical Analysis of the Properties of Median Filters,”IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-29, pp. 1136–1141, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J.P. Fitch, E.J. Coyle, and N.C. Gallagher, Jr., “Root Properties and Convergence Rates of Median Filters,”IEEE Transaction on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-33, pp. 230–240, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. Astola, P. Heinonen, and Y. Neuvo, “On Root Structures of Median and Median-Type Filters,”IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-35, pp. 1199–1201, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  6. T.A. Nodes and N.C. Gallagher, Jr., “Median Filters: Some Modifications and Their Properties,”IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-30, pp. 739–746, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  7. P.M. Narendra, “A Separable Median Filter for Image Noise Smoothing,”IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. PAMI-3, pp. 20–29, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  8. T.A. Nodes and N.C. Gallagher, “Two-Dimensional Root Structures and Convergence Properties of the Separable Median Filter,”IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-31, pp. 1350–1365, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  9. M.P. McLoughlin and G.R. Arce, “Deterministic Properties of the Recursive Separable Median Filter,”IEEE Transactions on Acoustic, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-35, pp. 98–106, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. Liao, T.A. Nodes, and N.C. Gallagher, Jr., “Output Distributions of Two-Dimensional Median Filters,”IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-33, pp. 1280–1295, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  11. G.R. Arce and M.P. McLoughlin, “Theoretical Analysis of the Max/Median Filter,”IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-35, pp. 60–69, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Q. Wang and Y. Neuvo, “On Two-Dimensional Root Structures of Separable and Cross Median Filters,” inProc. 1991 Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, Singapore, pp. 104–107, 1991.

  13. Q. Wang and Y. Neuvo, “Application of Median-Type Filtering to Image Segmentation in Electrophoresis,” inProc. SPIE/SPSE Conf. Biomedical Image Processing II, San Jose, CA, pp. 47–58, 1991.

  14. H.U. Döhler, “Generation of Root Signals of Two-Dimensional Median Filters,”Signal Processing, vol. 18, pp. 269–276, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  15. E.J. Delp and O.R. Mitchell, “Image Compression Using Block Truncation Coding,”IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. COM-27, pp. 1335–1342, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  16. G.R. Arce and N.C. Gallagher, “BTC Image Coding Using Median Filter Roots,”IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. COM-31, pp. 784–793, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  17. G.R. Arce and N.C. Gallagher, “State Description for the Root-Signal Set of Median Filters,”IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-30, pp. 894–902, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  18. B. Zeng, Q. Wang, and Y. Neuvo, “BTC Image Coding Using Two-Dimensional Median Filter Roots,” inProc., 1991 Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, Singapore, pp. 400–403, 1991.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, Q., Neuvo, Y. Deterministic properties of separable and cross median filters with an application to block truncation coding. Multidim Syst Sign Process 4, 23–38 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986004

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986004

Key Words

Navigation