Abstract
Subcutaneous administration of hydrocortisone acetate to the newborn rat produces a premature induction of hepatic tryptophan oxygenase consisting of a transient rise in activity 6–8 h after treatment, followed by a second sustained rise beginning 40 h later, which plateaus at 10 days of age. Cycloheximide treatment at the midpoint of this second elevation inhibits protein synthesis, but not tryptophan oxygenase activity. In older animals, cycloheximide treatment does both. Tryptophan administration at this midpoint rapidly elevates tryptophan oxygenase activity. This elevation can be partially blocked by treatment with actinomycin D within 1 h of tryptophan administration, but not thereafter. Actinomycin treatment is ineffective in blocking the tryptophan-induced rise in older animals. Administration of hydrocortisone acetate to 5- and 10-day-old pups leads to a more rapid and sustained rise in tryptophan oxygenase activity without appearance of a transient induction phase. Neither tryptophan alone, δ-aminolevulinic acid alone, nor tryptophan plus δ-aminolevulinic acid prematurely induces tryptophan oxygenase in newborn or 5-day-old rats.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yuwiler, A., Wetterberg, L., andGeller, E. 1970. Alterations in induction of tyrosine transaminase and tryptophan oxygenase by glucose pretreatment. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 208:428–433.
Curzon, G., andGreen, A. R. 1971. Regional and subcellular changes in the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the rat brain caused by hydrocortisone,d,l-α-methyltryptophan, and immobilization. Br. J. Pharmacol. 43:39–52.
Greengard, O., Smith, M. A., andAcs, G. 1963. Relation of cortisone and synthesis of ribonucleic acid to induced and developmental enzyme formation. J. Biol. Chem. 238:1548–1551.
Schutz, G., Beato, M., andFeigelson, P. 1973. Messenger RNA for hepatic tryptophan oxygenase: Its partial purification, its translation in a heterologous cell-free system, and its control by glucocorticoid hormones. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70:1218–1221.
Greengard, O., andAcs, G. 1962. The effect of actinomycin on the substrate and hormonal induction of liver enzymes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 61:652, 653.
Greengard, O. 1963. The role of coenzymes, cortisone and RNA in the control of liver enzyme levels. Adv. Enzyme Regul. 1:61–76.
Schimke, R. T., Sweeney, E. W., andBerlin, C. M. 1965. The roles of synthesis and degradation in the control of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase. J. Biol. Chem. 240:322–331.
Wetterberg, L., Yuwiler, A., andGeller, E. 1969. Tryptophan oxygenase changes following δ-aminolevulinic acid administration in the rat. Life Sci. 8:1047–1049.
Schapiro, S., Geller, E., andEiduson, S. 1962. Corticoid response to stress in the steroid-inhibited rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 109:937–941.
Nemeth, A. M., andDe La Haba, G. 1962. The effect of puromycin on the developmental and adaptive formation of tryptophan pyrrolase. J. Biol. Chem. 237:1190–1193.
Yuwiler, A., andGeller, E. 1973. Rat liver tryptophan oxygenase induced by neonatal corticoid administration and its effect on brain serotonin. Enzyme 15:161–168.
Greengard, O., andDewey, H. K. 1971. The prematurely evoked synthesis of liver tryptophan oxygenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68:1698–1701.
Nemeth, A. M. 1959. Mechanisms controlling changes in tryptophan peroxidase activity in developing liver. J. Biol. Chem. 234:2921–2924.
Mans, R. J., andNovelli, G. D. 1961. Measurement of the incorporation of radioactive amino acids into protein by a filter-paper disk method. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 94:48–53.
Knox, W. E., andAuerbach, V. H. 1955. The hormonal control of tryptophan peroxidase in the rat. J. Biol. Chem. 214:307–313.
Mehler, A. H., andKnox, W. E. 1950. The conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine in liver. J. Biol. Chem. 187:431–438.
Knox, W. E., Piras, M. M., andTokuyama, K. 1966. Tryptophan pyrrolase in liver: Activation and assay of soluble extracts of rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 241:297–303.
Layne, E. 1957. Spectrophotometric and turbidometric methods for measuring proteins. Pages 447–454,in Colowick, S. P., andKaplan, N. O. (eds.), Methods in Enzymology, Vol. III, Academic Press, New York.
Denckla, W. D., andDewey, H. K. 1967. The determination of tryptophan in plasma, liver, and urine. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 69:160–169.
Givner, M. L., andRochefort, J. G. 1965. An improved assay of corticosterone in rat serum and adrenal tissue. Steroids 6:485–489.
Bourgoin, S., Faivre-Bauman, A., Benda, P., Glowinski, J., andMamon, M. 1974. Plasma tryptophan and 5-HT metabolism in the CNS of the newborn rat. J. Neurochem. 23:319–327.
Henderson, A. R. 1970. The effect of feeding with a tryptophan-free amino acid mixture on rat liver magnesium ion-activated deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase. Biochem. J. 120:205–214.
MacIndoe, J. H., andTurkington, R. W. 1973. Stimulation of human prolactin secretion by intravenous infusion ofl-tryptophan. J. Clin. Invest. 52:1972–1978.
Lu, K.-H., andMeites, J. 1973. Effects of serotonin precursors and melatonin on serum prolactin release in rats. Endocrinology 93:152–155.
Houssais, J. F., andAttardi, G. 1966. High molecular weight nonribosomal-type nuclear RNA and cytoplasmic messenger RNA in HeLa cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 56:616–623.
Georgiev, G. P. 1967. The nature and biosynthesis of nuclear ribonucleic acids. Pages 259–351,in Davidson, J. N., andCohn, W. E. (eds.), Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology, Vol. 6. Academic Press, New York.
Greengard, O., andGordon, M. 1963. The cofactor-mediated regulation of apoenzyme levels in animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 238:3708–3710.
Eiduson, S., Yuwiler, A., andEberle, E. D. 1972. The effect of pyridoxine onl-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase and tyrosine aminotransferase in developing brain. Psychopharmacology 4:63–80.
Schapiro, S. 1971. Hormonal and environmental influences on rat brain development and behavior. Pages 307–334,in Sterman, M. B., McGinty, D. J., andAdinolfi, A. M. (eds.), Brain Development and Behavior, Academic Press, New York.
Sidransky, H., Sarma, D. S. R., Bongiorno, M., andVerney, E. 1968. Effect of dietary tryptophan on hepatic polyribosomes and protein synthesis in fasted mice. J. Biol. Chem. 243:1123–1132.
Veneziale, C. M., Walter, P., Kneer, N., andLardy, H. A. 1967. Influence ofl-tryptophan and its metabolites on gluconeogenesis in the isolated, perfused liver. Biochemistry 6:2129–2138.
Ray, P. D., Foster, D. O., andLardy, H. A. 1966. Paths of carbon in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 241:3904–3908.
Udenfriend, S., Weissbach, H., andBogdansky, O. J. 1957. Increase in tissue serotonin following administration of its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. J. Biol. Chem. 224:803–810.
Fernstrom, J. D., andWurtman, R. J. 1971. Brain serotonin content: Physiological dependence on plasma tryptophan levels. Science 173:149–151.
Yuwiler, A. 1973. Conversion ofd- andl-tryptophan to brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and to blood serotonin. J. Neurochem. 20:1099–1109.
Schutz, G., andFeigelson, P. 1972. Expression of total enzyme activity by means of thermal activation of hepatic tryptophan oxygenase. Anal. Biochem. 46:149–155.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yuwiler, A., Bennett, B.L. & Geller, E. Premature induction of hepatic tryptophan oxygenase. Neurochem Res 1, 591–608 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00965601
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00965601