Abstract
The formation of sperm cells has been examined ultrastructurally in the tricellular pollen grains ofGalium mollugo L. (Rubiaceae).Trichodiadema setuliferum Schwantes (Aizoaceae), andAvena sativa L. (Poaceae). After detachement from the intine the generative cell of all three species lies free within the vegetative cytoplasm. The two sperm cells are built inTrichodiadema andAvena by a single separating wall, while inGalium mollugo two independent walls are formed. However, both mechanisms separate the two male gametes completely.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beatty, A. V., 1943: The division of the generative nucleus inEschscholtzia. — Amer. J. Bot.30: 378–382.
Brewbaker, J. L., 1967: The distribution and phylogenetic significance of binucleate and trinucleate pollen grains in the angiosperms. — Amer. J. Bot.54: 1069–1083.
Cass, D. D., Karas, I., 1975: Development of sperm cells in barly. — Canad. J. Bot.53: 1051–1062.
Cooper, D. C., 1935: Microsporogenesis and the development of the male gametes inPortulaca oleracea. — Amer. J. Bot.22: 453–459.
Dumas, C., Knox, R. B., Gaude, T., 1985: The spatial association of the sperm cells and vegetative nucleus in the pollen grain ofBrassica. — Protoplasma124: 168–174.
Fowke, L. C., Pickett-Heaps, J. D., 1969: Cell division inSpirogyra. II. Cytokinesis. — J. Phycol.5: 273–281.
Finn, W., 1925: Male cells in angiosperms. — Bot. Gaz.80: 1–25.
Frey-Wyssling, A., Lopez-Zaez, J. F., Mühlethaler, K., 1964: Formation and development of the cell plate. — J. Ultrastruct. Res.10: 422–432.
Fuchs, A., 1936: Untersuchungen über den männlichen Gametophyten vonElaeagnus angustifolia. — Österr. Bot. Z.85: 1–16.
Guignard, L., 1891: Nouvelles études sur la fecondation. — Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser.7: 163–296.
Hu, S., Zhu, C., Xu, L., 1981: Ultrastructure of male gametophyte in wheat. II. Formation and development of sperm cell. — Acta Bot. Sinica23: 87–91.
Jensen, W. A., Fisher, D. B., 1968: Cotton embryogenesis: the sperm. — Protoplasma65: 277–286.
Johnston, G. W., 1941: Cytological studies of male gamete formation in certain angiosperms. — Amer. J. Bot.28: 302–319.
Lehmann, H., Schulz, D., 1969: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen von Differenzierungsvorgängen bei Moosen. I. Probleme zur Darstellung der Feinstruktur. — Planta84: 57–67.
McConchie, C. A., Jobson, S., Knox, R. B., 1985: Computer-assisted reconstruction of the male germ unit in pollen ofBrassica campestris. — Protoplasma127: 57–63.
Ota, T., 1957: Division of the generative cell in the pollen tube. — Cytologia22: 15–27.
Poddubnaja, V. A., 1927: Spermatogenese bei einigen Compositen. — Planta4: 284–298.
Russell, S. D., 1984: Ultrastructure of the sperm ofPlumbago zeylanica. II. Quantitative cytology and three-dimensional organization. — Planta162: 385–391.
—, 1981: Ultrastructure of the sperms ofPlumbago zeylanica. — Protoplasma107: 85–107.
—, 1983: Unequal distribution of plastids and mitochondria during sperm cell formation inPlumbago zeylanica. — InMulcahy, D. L., Ottaviano, E., (Eds.): Pollen biology and implications for plant breeding, pp. 135–140. — New York, Amsterdam, Oxford: Elsevier.
Sentandreu, R., Northcote, D. H., 1969: The formation of buds in yeast. — J. Gen. Microbiol.55: 393–398.
Shattuck, C. H., 1905: A morphological study ofUlmus americana. — Bot. Gaz.40: 209–223.
Spurr, A. R., 1969: A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for EM. — J. Ultrastruct. Res.26: 31–43.
Steffen, K., 1951: Zur Kenntnis des Befruchtungsvorganges beiImpatiens glandulifera. — Planta39: 175–244.
—, 1953: Zytologische Untersuchungen an Pollenkorn und -schlauch. I. Phasenkontrastoptische Lebenduntersuchungen an Pollenschläuchen vonGalanthus nivalis. — Flora140: 140–174.
Suita, N., 1938: Studies on the male gametophyte in angiosperms. IV. Behavior of the “droplet sheath” in the pollen tube. — Cytologia8: 532–541.
Trankowsky, D. A., 1931: Zytologische Beobachtungen über die Entwicklung der Pollenschläuche einiger Angiospermen. — Planta12: 1–18.
Weber, M., 1984: Entstehung und Ultrastruktur der männlichen Gameten (Spermazellen) bei einigen Angiospermen. — Thesis, University of Vienna.
Wilms, H. J., van Aelst, A. C., 1983: Ultrastructure of spinach sperm cell in mature pollen. — InErdelska, O., (Ed.): Fertilization and embryogenesis in ovulated plants, pp. 105–122. — Bratislava, Czech.: Centre of Biol. Ecol. Sci. Slovak Acad. Sci.
Wylie, R. B., 1904: The morphology ofElodea canadensis. — Bot. Gaz.37: 1–22.
Zhu, C., Hu, S., Xu, L., Li, X., Shen, J., 1980: Ultrastructure of sperm cell in mature pollen grain of wheat. — Scientia Sinica23: 371–376.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weber, M. Formation of sperm cells inGalium mollugo (Rubiaceae),Trichodiadema setuliferum (Aizoaceae), andAvena sativa (Poaceae). Pl Syst Evol 161, 53–64 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00936012
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00936012